{"id":88919,"date":"2023-10-22T09:50:07","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T07:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/?p=88919"},"modified":"2023-10-22T09:50:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-22T07:50:07","slug":"flavonoidy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/flavonoidy\/","title":{"rendered":"Flavonoidy – zdravie z ovocia a zeleniny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na\u0161e telo mo\u017eno prirovna\u0165 k zlo\u017eit\u00e9mu stroju<\/strong>, motoru zlo\u017een\u00e9mu z mnoh\u00fdch komponentov. Aby spr\u00e1vne fungovali, potrebuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne druhy „paliva<\/em>„, \u017eiv\u00edn,<\/strong> ako s\u00fa vitam\u00edny a miner\u00e1ly. Okrem nich je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 doda\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong> a jednou z obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 potrebn\u00fdch s\u00fa ur\u010dite flavonoidy<\/strong>. Ani bez nich nem\u00f4\u017eeme spr\u00e1vne fungova\u0165 a ich najlep\u0161\u00edm zdrojom je ovocie a zelenina<\/strong>, preto sa zamenite\u013ene naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa bioflavonoidy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flavonoidy – \u010do presne s\u00fa a ak\u00e9 funkcie plnia v rastlin\u00e1ch?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f po\u010dujeme pojem flavonoidy<\/strong>, zvy\u010dajne si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee ide len o jednu chemick\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deninu<\/strong>. V skuto\u010dnosti u\u017e vedci identifikovali nieko\u013eko tis\u00edc tak\u00fdchto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn <\/strong>rastlinn\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu. Z chemick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska patria do skupiny polyfenolov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za farbu konkr\u00e9tnej rastliny alebo jej v\u00f4\u0148u a chu\u0165, ale vyzna\u010duj\u00fa sa aj \u0161irok\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinkami podporuj\u00facimi zdravie <\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie ochrann\u00e9 funkcie<\/strong> vr\u00e1tane ochrany proti hub\u00e1m, plesniam a in\u00fdm \u0161kodliv\u00fdm mikroorganizmom. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1nia pred UV \u017eiaren\u00edm<\/strong> a in\u00fdmi nepriazniv\u00fdmi vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi faktormi, napr. atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi<\/strong>, a reguluj\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/strong> ich rastu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flavonoidy – ak\u00e1 je ich z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cia?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"<\/figure><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Sk\u00f4r ako sa za\u010dneme zaobera\u0165 terapeutick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami bioflavonoidov<\/strong>, je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vopred pozna\u0165 ich r\u00f4zne typy a na z\u00e1klade ich \u0161truktur\u00e1lnej \u0161trukt\u00fary<\/strong> ich rozde\u013eujeme na<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • flav\u00f3ny, tluteol\u00edn, apigen\u00edn, diosmet\u00edn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • flavonoly, kvercet\u00edn, fiste\u00edn, kemferol;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • flavan\u00f3ny, hesperet\u00edn, hespered\u00edn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • flavanoly, katech\u00edn, epikatech\u00edn, epigalokatech\u00edn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • izoflav\u00f3ny, geniste\u00edn;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • antoky\u00e1ny, kyanid\u00edn, malvid\u00edn, pelargonid\u00edn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Do tejto skupiny rastlinn\u00fdch polyfenolov mo\u017eno zaradi\u0165 aj nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn<\/strong> vr\u00e1tane biflavonoidov, flavonolignanov; flavonoidn\u00fdch glykoziderov, chalk\u00f3nov, prenylflavonoidov a proantokyanid\u00ednov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Flavonoidy – ktor\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje sa oplat\u00ed vybra\u0165?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Flavonoidy mo\u017eno telu doda\u0165 mnoh\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi<\/strong> a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie jednoducho u\u017e\u00edvame v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 doplnky,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 ich maj\u00fa vo svojom zlo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>. Je to ur\u010dite r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a pohodlnej\u0161ie, ale lep\u0161ie je vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje <\/strong>a dop\u013a\u0148a\u0165 nedostatok t\u00fdchto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn prostredn\u00edctvom spr\u00e1vne zlo\u017eenej stravy.<\/strong> Existuje mno\u017estvo potrav\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo bioflavonoidov<\/strong> a napr\u00edklad najviac z nich (mg na 100 g v\u00fdrobku<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ovocie:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Aronie – 1542 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • bobule \u010dierneho bezu – 791,24 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u010dere\u0161ne – 124,38 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u010du\u010doriedky – 68,45 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • grapefruit – 55,4 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • pomaran\u010d – 43,88 mg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Zelenina:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • kapary (v slanom n\u00e1leve) – 316,33 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • kore\u0148 petr\u017elenu – 210,08 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u010derven\u00e1 cibu\u013ea – 33,07 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • zeler – 22,6 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u017elt\u00e1 cibu\u013ea – 13,27 mg;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • kore\u0148 zeleru – 9,42 mg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Flavonoidy – ak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo by sa malo denne konzumova\u0165 a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rizik\u00e1 ich nedostatku alebo nadbytku?<\/h2>\n\n\n
        \n
        \"<\/figure><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 denn\u00e1<\/strong> d\u00e1vka flavonoidov pre dospel\u00fdch<\/strong> v na\u0161ej \u010dasti sveta je 1 – 2 g<\/strong> a je vhodn\u00e9 ju dodr\u017eiava\u0165, aby sme sa vyhli zdravotn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom<\/strong>. Nedostatok t\u00fdchto zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn<\/strong> v organizme sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 ako zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd sklon k tvorbe modr\u00edn a podko\u017en\u00fdch<\/strong> krv\u00e1can\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku praskania kapil\u00e1r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Rovnako nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd ako nedostatok je aj nadbytok flavonoidov<\/strong>. Nadmern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nepriaznivo<\/strong> ovplyv\u0148uje funkciu \u0161t\u00edtnej \u017e\u013eazy<\/strong> a metabolick\u00e9 procesy, nar\u00fa\u0161a transport a vstreb\u00e1vanie<\/strong> vitam\u00ednu C, vitam\u00ednu B9 (kyselina listov\u00e1) a vitam\u00ednu E. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e nar\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinok niektor\u00fdch liekov a neodpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa sa tehotn\u00fdm a doj\u010diacim \u017een\u00e1m.<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017eu zvy\u0161ova\u0165 hladinu estrog\u00e9nu, \u010do negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje<\/strong> reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 funkcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Flavonoidy – ktor\u00e9 z ich zdraviu prospe\u0161n\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed odborn\u00edci vyzdvihuj\u00fa?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        U\u017e vieme, \u010do s\u00fa flavonoidy, ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky ich obsahuj\u00fa najviac a ak\u00e9 je riziko ich nedostatku alebo nadbytku. Preto je \u010das dozvedie\u0165 sa o ich najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch<\/strong> vlastnostiach podporuj\u00facich zdravie<\/strong>, na ktor\u00e9 odborn\u00edci poukazuj\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Antioxida\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Reakt\u00edvne formy kysl\u00edka (ROS<\/em>), v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me ako vo\u013en\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly, predstavuj\u00fa pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie obrovsk\u00fa hrozbu. Okrem in\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku rakoviny a pr\u00e1ve flavonoidy s\u00fa proti nim \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Ako siln\u00e9 antioxidanty n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vysporiada\u0165 sa s nadbyto\u010dn\u00fdmi vo\u013en\u00fdmi radik\u00e1lmi a raz a nav\u017edy ich z tela odstr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Z\u00e1pal je pre organizmus mimoriadne v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbou, aj ke\u010f ide o prirodzen\u00fa reakciu na hrozbu, akou je napr\u00edklad bakteri\u00e1lna alebo v\u00edrusov\u00e1 infekcia. P\u00f4sobenie flavonoidov v tejto situ\u00e1cii spo\u010d\u00edva v posilnen\u00ed imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd sa lep\u0161ie vyrovn\u00e1 s n\u00e1sledkami z\u00e1palu t\u00fdm, \u017ee vytvor\u00ed viac protil\u00e1tok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Antialergick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed bojuj\u00fa s r\u00f4znymi druhmi alergi\u00ed, by mali dba\u0165 aj na zaradenie flavonoidov do svojej ka\u017edodennej stravy. Vonkaj\u0161ie faktory s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za vznik alergickej reakcie, na ktor\u00fa telo reaguje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm hladiny histam\u00ednu. \u00dalohou flavonoidov je v tomto pr\u00edpade zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo histam\u00ednu, a t\u00fdm zmierni\u0165 pr\u00edznaky alergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Prevencia rakoviny<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Pravideln\u00e1 konzum\u00e1cia v\u00fdrobkov s obsahom bioflavonoidov m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko vzniku rakoviny vr\u00e1tane rakoviny p\u013e\u00fac. Odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa sa tu najm\u00e4 izoflav\u00f3ny, ktor\u00e9, ako ukazuje \u010doraz viac \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed vykonan\u00fdch na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu, dok\u00e1\u017eu potla\u010di\u0165 mno\u017eenie rakovinov\u00fdch buniek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zni\u017euj\u00fa nadmern\u00fa aktivitu mutag\u00e9nnych a karcinog\u00e9nnych zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Posil\u0148uj\u00fa srdce a obehov\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Nemo\u017eno podce\u0148ova\u0165 ani v\u00fdznam primeran\u00e9ho mno\u017estva flavonoidov pre spr\u00e1vnu funkciu srdca a ostatn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek obehov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Ich p\u00f4sobenie zah\u0155\u0148a regul\u00e1ciu mno\u017estva cholesterolu v krvnom s\u00e9re, zn\u00ed\u017eenie „zlej“<\/em> frakcie LDL a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161enie „dobrej<\/em> “ frakcie HDL. K priazniv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom flavonoidov, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich napr\u00edklad zo zelen\u00e9ho \u010daju, na kardiovaskul\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m patr\u00ed aj:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • zn\u00ed\u017eenie pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9ho krvn\u00e9ho tlaku;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • spolu s vitam\u00ednom C podporuj\u00fa synt\u00e9zu kolag\u00e9nu, ktor\u00fd posil\u0148uje steny ciev a minimalizuje riziko vzniku k\u0155\u010dov\u00fdch \u017e\u00edl;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • zn\u00ed\u017eenie mo\u017enosti vzniku ateroskler\u00f3zy a v\u00fdskytu obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho infarktu myokardu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Podpora mozgu a nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          N\u00e1\u0161 mozog a nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m tie\u017e potrebuj\u00fa podporu zdravia, ktor\u00fa im m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 strava obsahuj\u00faca ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho ovocia a zeleniny. V tomto pr\u00edpade s\u00fa priazniv\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face vlastnosti flavonoidov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • ochrana neur\u00f3nov pred po\u0161koden\u00edm alebo zni\u010den\u00edm;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • ur\u00fdchlenie a zlep\u0161enie ich regenera\u010dn\u00fdch procesov;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • prevencia neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed, Alzheimera a Parkinsonovej choroby, v\u010faka redukcii vo\u013en\u00fdch radik\u00e1lov;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • zlep\u0161enie kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed, pam\u00e4te a koncentr\u00e1cie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • zmiernenie niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00facich demenciu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Pou\u017eitie pri in\u00fdch ochoreniach<\/h2>\n\n\n
            \n
            \"<\/figure><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            Spr\u00e1vne mno\u017estvo flavonoidov<\/strong> je nevyhnutn\u00e9 aj pri prevencii a podpore lie\u010debn\u00fdch procesov<\/strong> mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch ochoren\u00ed. Za zv\u00e1\u017eenie stoj\u00ed ich v\u00fdznam v pr\u00edpade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • cukrovky, por\u00fach gluk\u00f3zy v krvi zvy\u010dajne sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch zn\u00ed\u017eenou citlivos\u0165ou organizmu na inzul\u00edn. Flavonoidy p\u00f4sobia proti inzul\u00ednovej rezistencii a prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rastu cukru t\u00fdm, \u017ee stimuluj\u00fa vylu\u010dovanie tohto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho horm\u00f3nu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • ochorenia pe\u010dene, preto\u017ee chr\u00e1nia pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky pred po\u0161koden\u00edm, posil\u0148uj\u00fa a ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa ich regener\u00e1ciu v\u010faka svojmu siln\u00e9mu hepatoprotekt\u00edvnemu \u00fa\u010dinku;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • ochorenia ko\u017ee, ktor\u00fa posil\u0148uj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na synt\u00e9ze kolag\u00e9nu, jedn\u00e9ho z jej stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, a tie\u017e ju chr\u00e1nia ko\u017en\u00e9 ochorenia, ktor\u00e9 posil\u0148uj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na synt\u00e9ze kolag\u00e9nu, jedn\u00e9ho z jej stavebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov; chr\u00e1nia ju aj pred UV \u017eiaren\u00edm, oxida\u010dn\u00fdm stresom a \u00fa\u010dinkami bodnutia hmyzom, pri\u010dom brzdia prirodzen\u00e9 procesy starnutia ko\u017ee a ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa hojenie r\u00e1n;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • AIDS, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a smrte\u013en\u00e1 choroba, na ktor\u00fa sa doteraz nena\u0161iel \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd liek. Prebiehaj\u00faci v\u00fdskum tejto problematiky uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pou\u017eitie ur\u010dit\u00fdch flavonoidov m\u00f4\u017ee nielen inhibova\u0165 mno\u017eenie buniek v\u00edrusu, ale aj ich vstup do buniek \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Zdroje:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/what-are-flavonoids-everything-you-need-to-know<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/bioflavonoids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Na\u0161e telo mo\u017eno prirovna\u0165 k zlo\u017eit\u00e9mu stroju, motoru zlo\u017een\u00e9mu z mnoh\u00fdch komponentov. Aby spr\u00e1vne fungovali, potrebuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne druhy „paliva„, \u017eiv\u00edn, ako s\u00fa vitam\u00edny a miner\u00e1ly. Okrem nich je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 doda\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a jednou z obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 potrebn\u00fdch s\u00fa ur\u010dite flavonoidy. Ani bez nich nem\u00f4\u017eeme spr\u00e1vne fungova\u0165 a ich najlep\u0161\u00edm zdrojom je ovocie a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":88918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravie","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88919"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88920,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88919\/revisions\/88920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}