{"id":832,"date":"2021-07-28T17:19:05","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T15:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/?p=832"},"modified":"2021-07-28T17:19:05","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T15:19:05","slug":"nadvaha-a-obezita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/nadvaha-a-obezita\/","title":{"rendered":"Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita &#8211; rozdiely, pr\u00ed\u010diny a choroby, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pri prech&aacute;dzkach ulicami na&scaron;ich miest &#269;oraz &#269;astej&scaron;ie stret&aacute;vame &#318;ud&iacute;, ktor&yacute;ch vzh&#318;ad nazna&#269;uje, &#382;e ich telesn&aacute; hmotnos&#357; sa odchy&#318;uje od stanovenej normy. Tak&eacute;to odch&yacute;lky hmotnosti m&ocirc;&#382;u by&#357; r&ocirc;zneho rozsahu, od miernej nadv&aacute;hy nieko&#318;k&yacute;ch kilogramov a&#382; po chorobn&uacute; obezitu, ktor&aacute; ohrozuje nielen zdravie, ale v extr&eacute;mnych pr&iacute;padoch aj &#382;ivot. Mus&iacute;me si &uacute;primne poveda&#357;, &#382;e priber&aacute;me nev&iacute;dan&yacute;m tempom a odborn&iacute;ci u&#382; tento nepr&iacute;jemn&yacute; stav zara&#271;uj&uacute; medzi soci&aacute;lne choroby a jednu z naj&#357;a&#382;&scaron;ie lie&#269;ite&#318;n&yacute;ch. Preto by n&aacute;s malo znepokojova&#357; aj nieko&#318;ko kilogramov navy&scaron;e, preto&#382;e ak to nebudeme kontrolova&#357;, n&aacute;sledky m&ocirc;&#382;u by&#357; katastrof&aacute;lne. Existuje mnoho met&oacute;d boja proti nadv&aacute;he a obezite, ktor&eacute; popisujeme na tejto str&aacute;nke, ale stoj&iacute; za to dozvedie&#357; sa aj o rozdieloch medzi t&yacute;mito ochoreniami, pr&iacute;&#269;in&aacute;ch, ktor&eacute; ich sp&ocirc;sobuj&uacute;, a hrozbe, ktor&uacute; predstavuj&uacute; pre na&scaron;e telo.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nadv&aacute;ha a obezita &#8211; ako ich rozl&iacute;&scaron;i&#357;<\/h2><p>V&auml;&#269;&scaron;ina z n&aacute;s si mysl&iacute;, &#382;e pojmy nadv&aacute;ha a obezita s&uacute; rovnak&eacute; a nie je medzi nimi &#382;iadny rozdiel. Odborn&iacute;ci v&scaron;ak jasne uv&aacute;dzaj&uacute;, &#382;e rozdiely existuj&uacute;, s&uacute; diametr&aacute;lne a ich spr&aacute;vne rozl&iacute;&scaron;enie umo&#382;&#328;uje aplikova&#357; vhodn&uacute; lie&#269;bu, spr&aacute;vne zvolen&uacute; zo&scaron;t&iacute;h&#318;uj&uacute;cu lie&#269;bu. Obe ochorenia priamo s&uacute;visia so &scaron;trukt&uacute;rou &#318;udsk&eacute;ho tela, ktor&eacute; sa z ve&#318;kej &#269;asti sklad&aacute; z tukov&eacute;ho tkaniva, ktor&eacute;ho spr&aacute;vne mno&#382;stvo by u &#382;ien nemalo presiahnu&#357; 15 &#8211; 20 % telesnej hmotnosti a u mu&#382;ov 12 %. Ak&aacute;ko&#318;vek, aj mal&aacute; odch&yacute;lka od normy znamen&aacute; <strong>nadv&aacute;hu, inak naz&yacute;van&uacute; prechodn&yacute; stav<\/strong>, ktor&yacute; pri zanedban&iacute; vedie k <strong>obezite<\/strong>. V istom zmysle ide o predchorobn&yacute; stav, ktor&yacute; vznik&aacute; preto, lebo telu dod&aacute;vame pr&iacute;li&scaron; ve&#318;a potravy a tento prebytok energie, ktor&yacute; sa ned&aacute; sp&aacute;li&#357;, <strong>sa v tele uklad&aacute; vo forme tukov&yacute;ch val&#269;ekov v r&ocirc;znych &#269;astiach tela<\/strong>. Samozrejme, telesn&aacute; hmotnos&#357; sa automaticky zvy&scaron;uje a predpoklad&aacute; sa, &#382;e m&aacute;me nadv&aacute;hu, ke&#271; prekro&#269;&iacute; <strong>maxim&aacute;lne 10 % normy, vypo&#269;&iacute;tanej napr&iacute;klad z indexu BMI, t. j. indexu telesnej hmotnosti<\/strong>. To by sa rozhodne nemalo podce&#328;ova&#357;, preto&#382;e &#271;al&scaron;&iacute;m &scaron;t&aacute;diom ochorenia je obezita.<\/p><p>Obezita je zasa situ&aacute;cia, ke&#271; nadv&aacute;ha u&#382; d&aacute;vno prekro&#269;ila bezpe&#269;n&yacute;ch 10 % a Svetov&aacute; zdravotn&iacute;cka organiz&aacute;cia odhaduje, &#382;e t&aacute;to nebezpe&#269;n&aacute; civiliza&#269;n&aacute; choroba postihne do roku 2025 ka&#382;d&eacute;ho &scaron;tvrt&eacute;ho &#269;loveka na svete. V&auml;&#269;&scaron;ina pr&iacute;padov je zaznamenan&aacute; vo vysoko rozvinut&yacute;ch krajin&aacute;ch, samozrejme, vr&aacute;tane n&aacute;&scaron;ho kontinentu, a v Po&#318;sku u&#382; &#269;el&iacute;me <strong>skuto&#269;nej epid&eacute;mii nadv&aacute;hy a obezity<\/strong>. &#381;ia&#318;, net&yacute;ka sa to len dospel&yacute;ch a lek&aacute;ri v na&scaron;ej krajine bij&uacute; na poplach, &#382;e <strong>po&#318;sk&eacute; deti priberaj&uacute; najr&yacute;chlej&scaron;ie v celej Eur&oacute;pe<\/strong>. Odborn&iacute;ci u&#382; takmer 50 rokov klasifikuj&uacute; obezitu ako chronick&eacute; ochorenie, ktor&eacute; zah&#341;&#328;a prakticky nekontrolovan&eacute; hromadenie tukov&eacute;ho tkaniva a n&aacute;rast hmotnosti, a rozde&#318;uj&uacute; ju do nieko&#318;k&yacute;ch stup&#328;ov pod&#318;a vypo&#269;&iacute;tan&eacute;ho indexu BMI:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>BMI od 30 do 34,9 &#8211; obezita prv&eacute;ho stup&#328;a;<\/li><li>BMI od 35 do 39,9 &#8211; obezita druh&eacute;ho stup&#328;a;<\/li><li>BMI viac ako 40 &#8211; z&aacute;va&#382;n&aacute; obezita, ohrozuj&uacute;ca &#382;ivot a vy&#382;aduj&uacute;ca okam&#382;it&uacute; lie&#269;bu.<\/li><\/ul><p>Stru&#269;ne povedan&eacute;, m&ocirc;&#382;eme poveda&#357;, &#382;e sme ob&eacute;zni, ak mno&#382;stvo telesn&eacute;ho tuku u &#382;ien presahuje 25 a u mu&#382;ov 25 percent celkovej telesnej hmotnosti.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nadv&aacute;ha a obezita &#8211; pr&iacute;&#269;iny<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><figure id=\"attachment_1159\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 326px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-photo-750073.jpeg\" alt=\" nezdrav&eacute; nezdrav&eacute; potraviny\" class=\"wp-image-1159\" width=\"326\" height=\"220\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div><p>Je &#357;a&#382;k&eacute; ur&#269;i&#357; len jednu pr&iacute;&#269;inu n&aacute;rastu telesnej hmotnosti, hoci nezakr&yacute;vame, &#382;e naj&#269;astej&scaron;ou je jednoducho neobmedzen&aacute; a <strong>&#357;a&#382;ko uspokojite&#318;n&aacute; chu&#357; do jed<\/strong> la a nevhodn&aacute;, <strong>vysokokalorick&aacute; strava<\/strong>, ktor&aacute; vedie pr&aacute;ve k nadmern&eacute;mu rastu tukov&eacute;ho tkaniva. Hoci sa nadv&aacute;ha a obezita od seba z&aacute;sadne l&iacute;&scaron;ia, hlavn&aacute; pr&iacute;&#269;ina zost&aacute;va v oboch pr&iacute;padoch rovnak&aacute;. Nedostatok &#269;asu na pr&iacute;pravu plnohodnotn&eacute;ho jedla sp&ocirc;sobuje, &#382;e siahame po tom, &#269;o je po ruke, naj&#269;astej&scaron;ie po hotov&yacute;ch jedl&aacute;ch ohrievan&yacute;ch v mikrovlnnej r&uacute;re alebo po naj&scaron;kodlivej&scaron;om r&yacute;chlom ob&#269;erstven&iacute;. Mysl&iacute;me si, &#382;e ke&#271; si ob&#269;as d&aacute;me pizzu alebo hamburger, nebude to ma&#357; na na&scaron;e telo negat&iacute;vny vplyv, ale ke&#271; sa to opakuje pravidelne, hmotnos&#357; st&uacute;pa. Tak&eacute;to jedl&aacute; s&uacute; tie&#382; ochudobnen&eacute; o v&auml;&#269;&scaron;inu <strong>&#382;iv&iacute;n potrebn&yacute;ch pre zdravie<\/strong>, &#269;o negat&iacute;vne ovplyv&#328;uje celkov&yacute; zdravotn&yacute; stav.<\/p><p> Ob&#269;erstvenie a nezdrav&aacute; strava nie s&uacute; jedin&yacute;mi d&ocirc;vodmi, rovnako &#269;asto s&uacute; nadv&aacute;ha a obezita sp&ocirc;soben&eacute;:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>genetick&eacute; ochorenia<\/strong>, pri&#269;om obe ochorenia sa &#269;asto dedia po rodi&#269;och;<\/li><li><strong>environment&aacute;lne faktory<\/strong>, najm&auml; &#382;ivotn&yacute; &scaron;t&yacute;l, nepravideln&aacute; strava, nejedenie ra&#328;ajok, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;&iacute;m jedlom dod&aacute;vaj&uacute;cim energiu na cel&yacute; de&#328;, nejedenie ovocia a zeleniny, konzum&aacute;cia len spracovan&yacute;ch potrav&iacute;n;<\/li><li><strong>nedostatok fyzickej aktivity<\/strong>, a to nielen kv&ocirc;li sedav&eacute;mu zamestnaniu, ale naj&#269;astej&scaron;ie jednoducho kv&ocirc;li na&scaron;ej lenivosti;<\/li><li><strong>psychologick&eacute; faktory<\/strong>, najm&auml; siln&yacute; stres alebo depresia, ktor&eacute; niekedy ved&uacute; k nadmern&eacute;mu prejedaniu sa;<\/li><li><strong>syndr&oacute;m no&#269;n&eacute;ho jedenia<\/strong>, ktor&yacute; sa prejavuje nekontrolovate&#318;n&yacute;m jeden&iacute;m v noci;<\/li><li>syndr&oacute;m<strong>nutkav&eacute;ho stravovania<\/strong>, tie&#382; pri silnom strese alebo nervozite;<\/li><li><strong>Hormon&aacute;lne poruchy,<\/strong> ako napr&iacute;klad zv&yacute;&scaron;en&eacute; vylu&#269;ovanie stresov&eacute;ho<strong>horm&oacute;nu<\/strong> kortizolu, a poruchy &scaron;t&iacute;tnej &#382;&#318;azy maj&uacute; ve&#318;k&yacute; vplyv na priberanie;<\/li><li><strong>in&eacute; sprievodn&eacute; ochorenia<\/strong>, &#269;asto rakovina;<\/li><li><strong>zneu&#382;&iacute;vanie alkoholu<\/strong>, ktor&eacute; nar&uacute;&scaron;a tr&aacute;venie a metabolizmus tela;<\/li><li><strong>u&#382;&iacute;vanie niektor&yacute;ch liekov<\/strong>, najm&auml; sedat&iacute;v, progester&oacute;nov a estrog&eacute;nov;<\/li><li><strong>ekonomick&eacute; faktory,<\/strong> ktor&eacute; znemo&#382;&#328;uj&uacute; n&aacute;kup zdrav&yacute;ch potrav&iacute;n;<\/li><li><strong>presta&#357; faj&#269;i&#357;<\/strong>, &#269;o je &#269;asto spojen&eacute; s v&yacute;razn&yacute;m pr&iacute;rastkom hmotnosti.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nadv&aacute;ha a obezita &#8211; vidite&#318;n&eacute; vonkaj&scaron;ie pr&iacute;znaky<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><figure id=\"attachment_1160\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 259px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-photo-1332189.jpeg\" alt=\" &#382;ena si zmeria obvod p&aacute;sa\" class=\"wp-image-1160\" width=\"259\" height=\"220\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div><p>Nemo&#382;no poprie&#357;, &#382;e niektor&eacute; z uveden&yacute;ch pr&iacute;&#269;in m&ocirc;&#382;eme n&aacute;js&#357; aj v sebe, a spr&aacute;vna a hlavne v&#269;asn&aacute; diagnostika v&yacute;razne u&#318;ah&#269;uje n&aacute;jdenie <strong>&uacute;&#269;innej met&oacute;dy boja proti nadv&aacute;he<\/strong> <strong>a obezite<\/strong>. Ich pr&iacute;znaky s&uacute; tak&eacute; charakteristick&eacute;, &#382;e sa a&#382; na nieko&#318;ko pr&iacute;padov nedaj&uacute; zameni&#357; s ni&#269;&iacute;m in&yacute;m. Prv&yacute;m je, samozrejme, <strong>priberanie na v&aacute;he a valce tuku ulo&#382;en&eacute; najm&auml; na bruchu<\/strong>, pri&#269;om sa m&ocirc;&#382;u deformova&#357; aj &#269;rty tv&aacute;re. Druh&yacute;m, rovnako &#269;ast&yacute;m probl&eacute;mom s&uacute; postupn&eacute; obmedzenia, ktor&eacute; s&#357;a&#382;uj&uacute; vykon&aacute;vanie mnoh&yacute;ch zdanlivo be&#382;n&yacute;ch ka&#382;dodenn&yacute;ch &#269;innost&iacute;. <strong>D&yacute;chavi&#269;nos&#357; a nadmern&eacute; potenie sa<\/strong> objavuj&uacute; aj pri najmen&scaron;ej fyzickej n&aacute;mahe, napr&iacute;klad pri v&yacute;stupe po schodoch.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nadv&aacute;ha a obezita &#8211; zdravotn&eacute; rizik&aacute;, ktor&eacute; predstavuj&uacute;<\/h2><p>Vonkaj&scaron;ie pr&iacute;znaky s&uacute; ur&#269;ite d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute;, ale ove&#318;a d&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ia je <strong>sp&uacute;&scaron;&#357;, ktor&uacute; obezita sp&ocirc;sobuje v na&scaron;om tele<\/strong>. Zoznam chor&ocirc;b, ktor&yacute;m sme vystaven&iacute;, ke&#271; sa dostaneme do tohto stavu, sp&ocirc;soben&eacute;ho pr&aacute;ve nahromaden&iacute;m pr&iacute;li&scaron; ve&#318;k&eacute;ho mno&#382;stva tukov&eacute;ho tkaniva, je ve&#318;mi dlh&yacute; a najnebezpe&#269;nej&scaron;ie z nich s&uacute;<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>ochorenia srdca a cel&eacute;ho obehov&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu<\/strong>, hypertenzia, ateroskler&oacute;za, ischemick&aacute; choroba srdca, zlyhanie srdcov&eacute;ho svalu, &#269;o vedie k mnoh&yacute;m z&aacute;va&#382;n&yacute;m komplik&aacute;ci&aacute;m vr&aacute;tane infarktu alebo m&#341;tvice;<\/li><li><strong>cukrovka,<\/strong> najm&auml; 2. typu, a zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute; hladina cholesterolu v krvi;<\/li><li><strong>&#382;l&#269;ov&eacute; kamene a poruchy obli&#269;iek<\/strong>;<\/li><li><strong>rakovina<\/strong>;<\/li><li><strong>artrit&iacute;da,<\/strong> najm&auml; doln&yacute;ch kon&#269;at&iacute;n a chrbtice, naj&#269;astej&scaron;ie v bedrovej oblasti, ktor&aacute; br&aacute;ni aj norm&aacute;lnej pohyblivosti;<\/li><li><strong>chronick&aacute; &#382;ilov&aacute; nedostato&#269;nos&#357;<\/strong>, ktor&aacute; sa prejavuje bolestiv&yacute;mi a znetvoruj&uacute;cimi k&#341;&#269;ov&yacute;mi &#382;ilami;<\/li><li><strong>ochorenia tr&aacute;viaceho syst&eacute;mu<\/strong>, nielen be&#382;n&eacute; poruchy tr&aacute;venia alebo <strong>metabolizmu<\/strong>, ale aj nepr&iacute;jemn&eacute; z&aacute;pchy, z&aacute;paly &#382;l&#269;n&iacute;ka, &#269;riev a &#382;al&uacute;dka;<\/li><li>poruchy<strong>hormon&aacute;lnej rovnov&aacute;hy tela<\/strong>;<\/li><li><strong>zn&iacute;&#382;en&eacute; libido<\/strong>, najm&auml; u mu&#382;ov, &#269;o vedie k <strong>erektilnej dysfunkcii<\/strong> a zn&iacute;&#382;enej t&uacute;&#382;be po sexe;<\/li><li><strong>probl&eacute;my s otehotnen&iacute;m<\/strong>, otehotnen&iacute;m a zdrav&iacute;m nenaroden&eacute;ho die&#357;a&#357;a;<\/li><li><strong>v&yacute;razn&eacute; skr&aacute;tenie<\/strong> o&#269;ak&aacute;vanej d&#314;&#382;ky<strong>&#382;ivota<\/strong>, a to aj o nieko&#318;ko rokov.<\/li><\/ul><p>Ignorova&#357; ich je chyba, ktorej n&aacute;sledky s&uacute; &#269;asto nenapravite&#318;n&eacute;, tak&#382;e ke&#271; vid&iacute;me prv&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky nadv&aacute;hy alebo obezity, je &#269;as za&#269;a&#357; kona&#357;. <strong>Existuje mnoho<\/strong> met&oacute;d, ktor&eacute; <strong>m&ocirc;&#382;eme pou&#382;i&#357;<\/strong>, po&#269;n&uacute;c reduk&#269;nou di&eacute;tou, cez farmakologick&eacute; prostriedky alebo v&yacute;&#382;ivov&eacute; doplnky podporuj&uacute;ce chudnutie, a v&scaron;etky ich podrobnej&scaron;ie predstav&iacute;me v nasleduj&uacute;cich pr&iacute;spevkoch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pri prech&aacute;dzkach ulicami na&scaron;ich miest &#269;oraz &#269;astej&scaron;ie stret&aacute;vame &#318;ud&iacute;, ktor&yacute;ch vzh&#318;ad nazna&#269;uje, &#382;e ich telesn&aacute; hmotnos&#357; sa odchy&#318;uje od stanovenej normy. Tak&eacute;to odch&yacute;lky hmotnosti m&ocirc;&#382;u by&#357; r&ocirc;zneho rozsahu, od miernej nadv&aacute;hy nieko&#318;k&yacute;ch kilogramov a&#382; po chorobn&uacute; obezitu, ktor&aacute; ohrozuje nielen zdravie, ale v extr&eacute;mnych pr&iacute;padoch aj &#382;ivot. Mus&iacute;me si &uacute;primne poveda&#357;, &#382;e priber&aacute;me nev&iacute;dan&yacute;m tempom [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chudnutie","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":833,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/832\/revisions\/833"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}