{"id":2548,"date":"2021-10-09T16:40:06","date_gmt":"2021-10-09T14:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/?p=2548"},"modified":"2021-10-25T12:04:48","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T10:04:48","slug":"anemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/anemia\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u00e9mia &#8211; pr\u00edznaky, pr\u00ed\u010diny, typy. Ako mu predch\u00e1dza\u0165 a ako ho lie\u010di\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Z mnoh\u00fdch krvn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed si osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 ur\u010dite zasl\u00fa\u017ei <strong>an\u00e9mia<\/strong>. Naz\u00fdva sa aj <strong>chudokrvnos\u0165 <\/strong>a prejavuje sa okrem in\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm <strong>zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hladiny hemoglob\u00ednu,<\/strong> \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek, t. j. erytrocytov, a tzv. <strong>hematokritov\u00e9ho indexu<\/strong>. Nelie\u010den\u00e1 an\u00e9mia otv\u00e1ra cestu k <strong>\u010fal\u0161\u00edm ochoreniam,<\/strong> predov\u0161etk\u00fdm k postupnej hypoxii organizmu, poruch\u00e1m srdca a obehov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, probl\u00e9mom s pam\u00e4\u0165ou a v extr\u00e9mnych pr\u00edpadoch a\u017e k <strong>smrti chor\u00e9ho<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemoglob\u00edn &#8211; normy v krvi a jeho funkcie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mia je ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 priamo ovplyv\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017eenie mno\u017estva hemoglob\u00ednu v krvi, <strong>d\u00f4le\u017eitej bielkoviny,<\/strong> bez ktorej doch\u00e1dza k v\u00e1\u017enym <strong>poruch\u00e1m fungovania<\/strong> <strong>prakticky cel\u00e9ho organizmu. <\/strong>Hlavnou \u00falohou hemoglob\u00ednu, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch, je <strong>pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 kysl\u00edk z p\u013e\u00fac do v\u0161etk\u00fdch buniek v<\/strong> na\u0161om tele a <strong>odstra\u0148ova\u0165 z nich oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd sa potom vydychuje p\u013e\u00facami do vonkaj\u0161ieho sveta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeho v\u00fdznam nemo\u017eno podce\u0148ova\u0165 a v\u017edy je potrebn\u00e9 dba\u0165 na udr\u017eiavanie jeho spr\u00e1vnej hladiny, ktor\u00e1 je <strong>pod\u013ea noriem WHO<\/strong>, t. j. Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pre dospel\u00fdch mu\u017eov &#8211; 13-18 g\/dl;<\/li><li>u dospel\u00fdch \u017eien &#8211; 12-16 g\/dl;<\/li><li>pre tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny: 11-14 g\/dl;<\/li><li>pre novorodencov &#8211; 17-22 g\/dl;<\/li><li>u star\u0161\u00edch det\u00ed 11-13 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieto hodnoty nie s\u00fa jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 a <strong>m\u00f4\u017eu sa meni\u0165 v<\/strong> d\u00f4sledku r\u00f4znych faktorov vr\u00e1tane <strong>presnosti vykonan\u00fdch<\/strong> laborat\u00f3rnych <strong>testov<\/strong>. Bez oh\u013eadu na to sa nedostatok hemoglob\u00ednu prejavuje charakteristick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd vedie pr\u00e1ve k <strong>vzniku an\u00e9mie alebo chudokrvnosti<\/strong>, ktor\u00fa budeme podrobnej\u0161ie charakterizova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie pr\u00edznaky ochorenia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_49107753_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky\" width=\"500\" height=\"379\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez oh\u013eadu na typ<strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong> existuje <strong>mnoho pr\u00edznakov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 <strong>nie je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zameni\u0165 s in\u00fdmi chorobami<\/strong>, a <strong>odborn\u00edci<\/strong> okrem in\u00e9ho <strong>poukazuj\u00fa na<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pocit neust\u00e1lej slabosti a \u00fanavy, nedostatok energie;<\/li><li>narastaj\u00face probl\u00e9my so sp\u00e1nkom, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 a\u017e k nespavosti;<\/li><li>charakteristick\u00e1 bledos\u0165 ko\u017ee, pier, \u010fasien a o\u010dn\u00fdch spojiviek;<\/li><li>siln\u00e9 bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vraty ved\u00face k mdlob\u00e1m;<\/li><li>l\u00e1mavos\u0165, krehkos\u0165 a vypad\u00e1vanie vlasov v d\u00f4sledku suchosti vlasov;<\/li><li>d\u00fdchavi\u010dnos\u0165 v hrudn\u00edku;<\/li><li>studen\u00e9 nohy a ruky;<\/li><li>siln\u00e9, bolestiv\u00e9 k\u0155\u010de v noh\u00e1ch, bolesti k\u013abov a kost\u00ed;<\/li><li>b\u00fa\u0161enie srdca a in\u00e9 kardiovaskul\u00e1rne probl\u00e9my;<\/li><li>zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 \u010dasto s\u0165a\u017euje s\u00fastredenie aj na tie najjednoduch\u0161ie \u00falohy;<\/li><li>podr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165 a zmeny n\u00e1lady;<\/li><li>oslaben\u00e1 imunita, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 na infekcie;<\/li><li>zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 sexu\u00e1lna t\u00fa\u017eba.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; ako ju mo\u017eno diagnostikova\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mno\u017estvo pr\u00edznakov an\u00e9mie m\u00f4\u017ee niekedy sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 <strong>probl\u00e9my s jej spr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zou<\/strong>, preto sa diagnostikuje nielen pomocou <strong>anamn\u00e9zy<\/strong>, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm objednan\u00edm niektor\u00fdch <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch diagnostick\u00fdch testov<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vy\u0161etrenie krvi, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee nariadi\u0165 len lek\u00e1r, tzv. morfologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie, be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nielen pri diagnostike an\u00e9mie, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje s ve\u013ekou presnos\u0165ou ur\u010di\u0165 po\u010det erytrocytov (RCB), t. j. \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek, ich priemern\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 (MCV), koncentr\u00e1ciu hemoglob\u00ednu (MCHC), pop\u00edsan\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie, a koncentr\u00e1ciu hematokritu (HCT), ukazovate\u013ea, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu pozn\u00e1me percento erytrocytov v krvi;<\/li><li>ESR alebo Biernack\u00e9ho test, ukazovate\u013e tzv. po\u010dtu \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek;<\/li><li>hladinu \u017eeleza, pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzka hladina znamen\u00e1 an\u00e9miu;<\/li><li>kontrola hladiny ferit\u00ednu, bielkoviny zodpovednej za viazanie at\u00f3mov \u017eeleza a ich hromadenie v tele, tu podobne n\u00edzka hladina indikuje rozv\u00edjaj\u00facu sa an\u00e9miu. Pozornos\u0165 si zasl\u00fa\u017ei aj jej nadbytok, ktor\u00fd zasa m\u00f4\u017ee nazna\u010dova\u0165 ochorenie pe\u010dene, napr. jej hyperfunkciu alebo extr\u00e9mne bolestiv\u00fa reumatoidn\u00fa artrit\u00eddu;<\/li><li>mno\u017estvo vitam\u00ednu B12, kobalam\u00ednu a vitam\u00ednu B9 alebo kyseliny listovej, dvoch vitam\u00ednov, bez ktor\u00fdch nie je mo\u017en\u00e1 tvorba \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek;<\/li><li>stanovenie r\u00fdchlosti tvorby a rozpadu \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek;<\/li><li>vy\u0161etrenie stolice na pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tzv. okultnej krvi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pr\u00ed\u010diny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mia je stav sp\u00f4soben\u00fd <strong>mnoh\u00fdmi r\u00f4znymi patog\u00e9nmi<\/strong> a naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pr\u00ed\u010diny an\u00e9mie, na ktor\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00fa aj <strong>odborn\u00edci na jej lie\u010dbu<\/strong>, s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 hladiny \u017eeleza v tele;<\/li><li>nedostatok vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho kobalam\u00ednu a kyseliny listovej;<\/li><li>nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 strava, obmedzuj\u00faca strava s nedostatkom mnoh\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn, vitam\u00ednov a miner\u00e1lov;<\/li><li>koexistuj\u00face chronick\u00e9, infek\u010dn\u00e9 alebo n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 ochorenia;<\/li><li>v\u00edrusov\u00e9, bakteri\u00e1lne alebo ples\u0148ov\u00e9 infekcie;<\/li><li>parazity v r\u00f4znych syst\u00e9moch a org\u00e1noch tela;<\/li><li>chronick\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edvanie alkoholu;<\/li><li>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 strata krvi, napr. v d\u00f4sledku nehody;<\/li><li>krv\u00e1canie z nosa a siln\u00e1 men\u0161tru\u00e1cia;<\/li><li>u\u017e\u00edvanie nadmern\u00fdch d\u00e1vok niektor\u00fdch liekov, ako s\u00fa nesteroidn\u00e9 protiz\u00e1palov\u00e9 lieky;<\/li><li>otrava \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi kovmi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; rozdelenie pod\u013ea hladiny hemoglob\u00ednu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje <strong>mnoho r\u00f4znych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong> na rozdelenie tejto nebezpe\u010dnej a dokonca \u017eivot ohrozuj\u00facej choroby. Z\u00e1kladom je jej rozl\u00ed\u0161enie pod\u013ea <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enosti pr\u00edznakov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa aj z <strong>hladiny hemoglob\u00ednu<\/strong>, a s prihliadnut\u00edm na tieto faktory mo\u017eno an\u00e9miu rozdeli\u0165 na<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>mierna<\/strong>, pri ktorej sa hladina hemoglob\u00ednu pohybuje medzi 10 a 12 g\/dl;<\/li><li><strong>stredne \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1,<\/strong> ke\u010f sa hemoglob\u00edn pohybuje medzi 8 a 9,9 g\/dl<\/li><li>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd, sp\u00f4soben\u00fd poklesom hemoglob\u00ednu na 6,5 a\u017e 7,9 g\/dl<\/li><li><strong>ve\u013emi<\/strong> \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 priamo ohrozuje \u017eivot a hemoglob\u00edn kles\u00e1 pod 6,5 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; rozpad v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku in\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samozrejme, toto nie je jedin\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 delenie an\u00e9mie, rovnako \u010dasto sa uplat\u0148uje krit\u00e9rium tzv. nedostatku <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn<\/strong>, vitam\u00ednov a miner\u00e1lov. V tomto pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017eeme zaobera\u0165 r\u00f4znymi typmi an\u00e9mie, ako napr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia z nedostatku \u017eeleza<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_219442542_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" v\u00fdrobky bohat\u00e9 na \u017eelezo\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre \u0148u je <strong>mikrocyt\u00e1rna an\u00e9mia<\/strong> a jej pr\u00ed\u010dinou je pr\u00edli\u0161 <strong>n\u00edzka hladina<\/strong> \u017eeleza v tele. \u017delezo je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm prvkom pri <strong>prevencii mnoh\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed<\/strong> vr\u00e1tane an\u00e9mie, zodpoved\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm za <strong>stavbu a spr\u00e1vne fungovanie \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek a synt\u00e9zu hemoglob\u00ednu<\/strong>. Jeho nedostatok okam\u017eite ovplyv\u0148uje zdravotn\u00fd stav a je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vysok\u00e1 strata krvi, napr. v d\u00f4sledku poranen\u00ed, po\u010das oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, pri silnej men\u0161tru\u00e1cii alebo krv\u00e1can\u00ed z tr\u00e1viaceho traktu alebo mo\u010dov\u00fdch ciest, napr. pri z\u00e1pale mo\u010dov\u00e9ho mech\u00fara, obli\u010diek alebo glomerulov;<\/li><li>abnorm\u00e1lne vstreb\u00e1vanie \u017eeleza z gastrointestin\u00e1lneho traktu, ktor\u00e9 je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 najm\u00e4 nespr\u00e1vnou stravou s pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzkym obsahom tohto prvku a in\u00fdmi sprievodn\u00fdmi ochoreniami, ako je Crohnova choroba-Crohna;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 potreba \u017eeleza, ktor\u00e1 sa vyskytuje v obdob\u00ed dospievania, u tehotn\u00fdch a doj\u010diacich \u017eien a u nedoj\u010den\u00fdch novorodencov.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mia z nedostatku \u017eeleza sa d\u00e1 pomerne \u013eahko zisti\u0165 <strong>pomocou krvn\u00fdch testov<\/strong>; z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky okam\u017eite ukazuj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017eenie mnoh\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>MCHC, priemern\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia hemoglob\u00ednu v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch <\/li><li>MCV, po\u010det \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek<\/li><li>MCH, priemern\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 hemoglob\u00ednu v krvnej bunke;<\/li><li>Hladiny \u017eeleza v s\u00e9re;<\/li><li>ferit\u00ednu a retikulocytov, pri\u010dom po\u010det retikulocytov z\u00e1vis\u00ed od z\u00e1va\u017enosti ochorenia, ako je uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Za zmienku stoja aj jeho <strong>negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong> a okrem u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fdch sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 praskanie ko\u017ee, hlavne v k\u00fatikoch \u00fast, \u0165a\u017ekosti s d\u00fdchan\u00edm, l\u00e1mav\u00e9 a krehk\u00e9 nechty, za\u010dervenan\u00fd jazyk, zvy\u0161uj\u00faca sa apatia, zn\u00ed\u017eenie prahu \u00fanavy. Toto ochorenie z\u00e1rove\u0148 sp\u00f4sobuje zn\u00ed\u017eenie fyzickej aktivity, \u010do n\u00e1sledne prispieva k n\u00e1rastu nadv\u00e1hy alebo obezity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lie\u010dba an\u00e9mie sp\u00f4sobenej nedostatkom \u017eeleza spo\u010d\u00edva najm\u00e4 v <strong>doplnen\u00ed nedostatku tohto prvku<\/strong>, v \u013eah\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch sta\u010d\u00ed len <strong>zmeni\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa stravu<\/strong>. V z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch bude, \u017eia\u013e, potrebn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 <strong>pr\u00edpravky \u017eeleza<\/strong> vo forme tabliet alebo r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie p\u00f4sobiacich injekci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nedostatkom vitam\u00ednu B12 a vitam\u00ednu B9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieto vitam\u00edny patria do mimoriadne ve\u013ekej skupiny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 na <strong>udr\u017eanie zdravia<\/strong> a <strong>efekt\u00edvneho fungovania<\/strong> mnoh\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a org\u00e1nov \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 dba\u0165 na udr\u017eiavanie ich spr\u00e1vnej hladiny, preto\u017ee ich nedostatok znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko vzniku <strong>megaloblastovej<\/strong> <strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong> <strong>,<\/strong> naz\u00fdvanej aj <strong>mal\u00edgna an\u00e9mia<\/strong> alebo <strong>Addisonova-Biermerova<\/strong> an\u00e9mia. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pr\u00ed\u010diny s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>strava chudobn\u00e1 na produkty obsahuj\u00face oba vitam\u00edny;<\/li><li>alkoholizmus;<\/li><li>naru\u0161en\u00e9 vstreb\u00e1vanie \u017eiv\u00edn v tr\u00e1viacom syst\u00e9me, vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 chorobn\u00fdmi stavmi;<\/li><li>infekcia parazitmi tr\u00e1viaceho syst\u00e9mu, napr. p\u00e1somnicami;<\/li><li>poruchy faktora zodpovedn\u00e9ho za spr\u00e1vne vstreb\u00e1vanie vitam\u00ednov.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V jej priebehu je naru\u0161en\u00e1 <strong>tvorba \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako norm\u00e1lne<\/strong>; m\u00e1 tie\u017e pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 ju jasne odli\u0161uj\u00fa od in\u00fdch druhov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vidite\u013en\u00e9 zo\u017eltnutie ko\u017ee;<\/li><li>nadmern\u00e9 a zvy\u010dajne pred\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161edivenie vlasov;<\/li><li>poruchy n\u00e1lady;<\/li><li>strata chuti;<\/li><li>probl\u00e9my s mo\u010den\u00edm;<\/li><li>zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov, pe\u010dene alebo sleziny;<\/li><li>halucin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pripom\u00edna\u0165 pr\u00edznaky du\u0161evnej choroby;<\/li><li>demencia;<\/li><li>\u0165a\u017ekosti so zapam\u00e4tan\u00edm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Megaloblastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia je jednou z naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie lie\u010dite\u013en\u00fdch an\u00e9mi\u00ed; rovnako ako pri predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej an\u00e9mii sa mus\u00ed <strong>odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 nedostatok oboch vitam\u00ednov<\/strong>, ale ak choroba pokro\u010dila pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010faleko, musia sa <strong>do\u017eivotne u\u017e\u00edva\u0165<\/strong> pr\u00edpravky s kobalam\u00ednom a kyselinou listovou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm \u010dast\u00fdm typom an\u00e9mie je hemolytick\u00e1 <strong>an\u00e9mia<\/strong>, pri ktorej doch\u00e1dza <strong>k pr\u00edli\u0161 r\u00fdchlemu rozpadu erytrocytov<\/strong>, \u010do ich \u010dasto <strong>nen\u00e1vratne zni\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>, a toto ochorenie mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>z\u00edskan\u00e1 hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia<\/strong>, ke\u010f \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky zvy\u010dajne podliehaj\u00fa mechanick\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu v d\u00f4sledku p\u00f4sobenia toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, napr. \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov. Podobn\u00e9 negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky maj\u00fa aj niektor\u00e9 lieky a choroby;<\/li><li><strong>vroden\u00e1 hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 je d\u00f4sledkom abnorm\u00e1lnej tvorby \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek, por\u00fach ich \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00ed\u010dinou takejto an\u00e9mie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 <strong>poruchy sleziny a imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 ni\u010dia zdrav\u00e9 erytrocyty. Rovnako \u010dasto je tak\u00fdto stav sp\u00f4soben\u00fd <strong>vznikom infekci\u00ed,<\/strong> po\u010dn\u00fac jednoduch\u00fdmi z\u00e1palmi a\u017e po n\u00e1dory, napr. leuk\u00e9miu. Pr\u00edznaky nazna\u010duj\u00face v\u00fdvoj tohto typu ochorenia, ktor\u00e9 stoja za pozornos\u0165, s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 zo\u017eltnutie ko\u017ee a o\u010dn\u00fdch bielok;<\/li><li>tmav\u00fd mo\u010d;<\/li><li>zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e1 slezina;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina \u017eeleza;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 srdcov\u00e1 frekvencia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Lie\u010dba je komplikovanej\u0161ia ako v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pr\u00edpadoch a zah\u0155\u0148a pod\u00e1vanie <strong>imunosupres\u00edvnych liekov<\/strong> alebo <strong>kortikosteroidov<\/strong>, niekedy je potrebn\u00e1 <strong>transf\u00fazia krvi<\/strong> a v naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch sa mus\u00ed <strong>chirurgicky odstr\u00e1ni\u0165<\/strong>slezina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aplastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Priamo s\u00favis\u00ed s <strong>apl\u00e1ziou,<\/strong> t. j. <strong>atrofiou kostnej drene<\/strong>, tak\u017ee <strong>nov\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky<\/strong> sa nem\u00f4\u017eu tvori\u0165 alebo sa tvoria v <strong>pr\u00edli\u0161 malom mno\u017estve<\/strong>. Aplastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mia sa tie\u017e del\u00ed na vroden\u00fa alebo z\u00edskan\u00fa a pr\u00ed\u010diny jej vzniku s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>infekcie, najm\u00e4 v\u00edrusov\u00e9 infekcie sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face napr. hepatit\u00eddu;<\/li><li>u\u017e\u00edvanie niektor\u00fdch liekov, najm\u00e4 antibiot\u00edk a protiz\u00e1palov\u00fdch liekov;<\/li><li>otravy \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi chemik\u00e1liami, napr. pestic\u00eddmi, pr\u00edpravkami na ochranu rastl\u00edn;<\/li><li>chemoterapiu a r\u00e1dioterapiu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa na lie\u010dbu rakoviny;<\/li><li>poruchy spojivov\u00e9ho tkaniva<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Klinick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky s\u00fa typick\u00e9 pre ostatn\u00e9 formy, navy\u0161e s \u013eahkou tvorbou modr\u00edn a spont\u00e1nnym krv\u00e1can\u00edm bez zjavnej pr\u00ed\u010diny. Pokia\u013e ide o lie\u010dbu, existuje len jedna met\u00f3da, ktor\u00e1 je zaru\u010dene \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, a tou je <strong>transplant\u00e1cia kostnej drene.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia u tehotn\u00fdch \u017eien<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_317198812_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" tehotn\u00e1 \u017eena u lek\u00e1ra\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00ed variant, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za to podrobnej\u0161ie op\u00edsa\u0165, <strong>sa vyskytuje u tehotn\u00fdch \u017eien<\/strong> a jeho hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 <strong>potreba vitam\u00ednov,<\/strong> najm\u00e4 B12 a kyseliny listovej a miner\u00e1lov, samozrejme v \u010dele so \u017eelezom. Telo ich potrebuje viac, preto\u017ee mus\u00ed produkova\u0165 viac krvi, pribli\u017ene o <strong>20 a\u017e 30<\/strong>%, \u010do je potrebn\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vny <strong>rast a v\u00fdvoj die\u0165a\u0165a<\/strong> v maternici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 udr\u017eiava\u0165 tieto hladiny <strong>po\u010das cel\u00e9ho tehotenstva<\/strong>, preto\u017ee ich nedostatok zvy\u0161uje riziko, ktor\u00e9 sa v jednotliv\u00fdch trimestroch men\u00ed. V prvom trimestri je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 <strong>riziko potratu<\/strong>, v druhom sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 abnormality <strong>plodu<\/strong> a v tre\u0165om nedostatok \u017eeleza vedie k <strong>pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu p\u00f4rodu<\/strong>. Lie\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edva vo <strong>v\u00fdbere vhodnej stravy<\/strong> a doplnen\u00ed jej nedostatkov o v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 doplnky obsahuj\u00face <strong>tri vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 zlo\u017eky<\/strong>, z ktor\u00fdch je pre bud\u00facu matku najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia <strong>kyselina listov\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia u det\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mia nie je ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 postihuje len dospel\u00fdch, ale vyskytuje sa rovnako \u010dasto <strong>u det\u00ed r\u00f4zneho veku<\/strong>, dokonca aj u <strong>novorodencov<\/strong>. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 najm\u00e4 <strong>nedostatkom \u017eeleza<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa mus\u00ed okam\u017eite doplni\u0165, aby sa predi\u0161lo tak\u00fdm alarmuj\u00facim pr\u00edznakom u die\u0165a\u0165a, ako s\u00fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>bled\u00e1 poko\u017eka;<\/li><li>nepravideln\u00fd srdcov\u00fd tep;<\/li><li>bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vraty;<\/li><li>d\u00fdchavi\u010dnos\u0165<\/li><li>ospalos\u0165 a nedostatok energie;<\/li><li>probl\u00e9my so s\u00fastreden\u00edm a pozornos\u0165ou;<\/li><li>krv v mo\u010di a stolici.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u00fdmto ochoreniam mo\u017eno pred\u00eds\u0165 <strong>vyv\u00e1\u017eenou stravou<\/strong> bato\u013ea\u0165a, plnou nielen vhodn\u00fdch d\u00e1vok \u017eeleza, ale aj kyseliny listovej a kobalam\u00ednu, ale ich \u00fapravu <strong>by mal vykona\u0165 odborn\u00edk<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mia &#8211; \u010do jes\u0165, aby ste sa jej vyhli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> Zdrav\u00e1 strava je <strong>vhodn\u00e1 aj pre dospel\u00fdch trpiacich r\u00f4znymi typmi an\u00e9mie<\/strong> a medzi odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 potraviny patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>listovej zeleniny;<\/li><li>paradajky;<\/li><li>\u010derven\u00e1 repa;<\/li><li>\u0161o\u0161ovica<\/li><li>brokolica<\/li><li>\u0161pen\u00e1t;<\/li><li>k\u00f4por;<\/li><li>zelen\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ok;<\/li><li>kapusta;<\/li><li>kr\u00fapy;<\/li><li>celozrnn\u00e9 obilniny;<\/li><li>ovocie, najm\u00e4 bobu\u013eovit\u00e9, napr. maliny, \u010dierne r\u00edbezle; exotick\u00e9 ovocie, napr. avok\u00e1do a citrusov\u00e9 plody, napr. pomaran\u010de, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa tie\u017e pln\u00e9 synefr\u00ednu, obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea \u017eeleza<\/li><li>ryby, najm\u00e4 morsk\u00e9 ryby, makrely, tuniaky, sardinky;<\/li><li>hov\u00e4dzie, te\u013eacie m\u00e4so a vn\u00fatornosti, napr. pe\u010de\u0148;<\/li><li>vaje\u010dn\u00e9 \u017e\u013atky.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anemia<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/iron-deficiency-anemia#causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/iron-deficiency-anemia#causes<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/megaloblastic-anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/megaloblastic-anemia<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/idiopathic-aplastic-anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/idiopathic-aplastic-anemia<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z mnoh\u00fdch krvn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed si osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 ur\u010dite zasl\u00fa\u017ei an\u00e9mia. Naz\u00fdva sa aj chudokrvnos\u0165 a prejavuje sa okrem in\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hladiny hemoglob\u00ednu, \u010derven\u00fdch krviniek, t. j. erytrocytov, a tzv. hematokritov\u00e9ho indexu. Nelie\u010den\u00e1 an\u00e9mia otv\u00e1ra cestu k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm ochoreniam, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm k postupnej hypoxii organizmu, poruch\u00e1m srdca a obehov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, probl\u00e9mom s pam\u00e4\u0165ou a v extr\u00e9mnych [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravie","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2548"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7222,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2548\/revisions\/7222"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}