{"id":1376,"date":"2021-08-20T08:44:06","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T06:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/?p=1376"},"modified":"2021-08-20T08:44:06","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T06:44:06","slug":"vitamin-b12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/vitamin-b12\/","title":{"rendered":"Vitam\u00edn B12 &#8211; p\u00f4sobenie, vlastnosti, \u00faloha v tele. Pr\u00edznaky nedostatku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vitam&iacute;n B12<\/strong> je zl&uacute;&#269;enina, ktor&aacute;\npln&iacute; v &#318;udskom tele mnoho d&ocirc;le&#382;it&yacute;ch funkci&iacute;. Bohu&#382;ia&#318;, jeho\nnedostatky s&uacute; &#269;asto podce&#328;ovan&eacute; alebo spojen&eacute; s in&yacute;mi\nchoroby, preto&#382;e sa u nich prejavuj&uacute; nezvy&#269;ajn&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky. Najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ie\nfunkcie tohto vitam&iacute;nu je jeho &uacute;&#269;as&#357; na tvorbe &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek.\na in&yacute;ch buniek v tele. To v&scaron;ak nie s&uacute; jedin&eacute;\nvlastnosti, preto&#382;e ich m&aacute; ove&#318;a viac. Vitam&iacute;n B12\nsa m&ocirc;&#382;e u&#382;&iacute;va&#357; s jedlom, hoci za ur&#269;it&yacute;ch okolnost&iacute; je potrebn&aacute; aj suplement&aacute;cia.\nje tie&#382; potrebn&eacute; doplni&#357;. <strong>&#268;o je to vitam&iacute;n\nB12, ak&eacute; funkcie pln&iacute; v tele, kde ho m&ocirc;&#382;eme n&aacute;js&#357; a ak&eacute; s&uacute; pr&iacute;znaky jeho nedostatku?\ns&uacute; pr&iacute;znaky jeho nedostatku?<\/strong><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 &#8211; charakteristiky<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><figure id=\"attachment_1724\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 236px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1708370-1024x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\" &#269;erven&eacute; krvinky\" class=\"wp-image-1724\" width=\"236\" height=\"236\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div><p>Vitam&iacute;n B12 sa naz&yacute;va aj<strong> kobalam&iacute;n<\/strong> alebo <strong>&#269;erven&yacute; vitam&iacute;n <\/strong>(kv&ocirc;li jeho &uacute;&#269;asti na tvorbe &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek). Prv&aacute; zmienka o tejto zlo&#382;ke poch&aacute;dza z roku 1835, ke&#271; bola prv&yacute;kr&aacute;t op&iacute;san&aacute; porucha tvorby &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek, ktor&aacute; je dodnes zn&aacute;ma ako zhubn&aacute; <strong>an&eacute;mia<\/strong>. V roku 1920 boli publikovan&eacute; &scaron;t&uacute;die, ktor&eacute; dok&aacute;zali, &#382;e pod&aacute;vanie pe&#269;ene psom, ktor&iacute; stratili ve&#318;k&eacute; mno&#382;stvo krvi, ur&yacute;chlilo ich zotavenie. Potom sa za&#269;ali testy na ur&#269;enie, ktor&aacute; zlo&#382;ka pe&#269;ene podporuje tak&eacute;to spr&aacute;vanie. Tieto testy uk&aacute;zali, &#382;e pe&#269;e&#328; obsahuje okrem &#382;eleza aj &#271;al&scaron;iu l&aacute;tku, ktor&aacute; sa ukazuje ako u&#382;ito&#269;n&aacute; pri lie&#269;be an&eacute;mie. Vedcom sa podarilo izolova&#357; z pe&#269;ene &#269;ist&uacute; &#269;erveno sfarben&uacute; zl&uacute;&#269;eninu, ktor&aacute; u&#382; v mal&yacute;ch d&aacute;vkach zabra&#328;uje an&eacute;mii. T&aacute;to zl&uacute;&#269;enina obsahovala fosfor a kobalt a bola pomenovan&aacute; ako vitam&iacute;n B12.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Funkcia vitam&iacute;nu B12 v\n&#318;udsk&eacute; telo<\/h2><p><strong>Hlavnou &uacute;lohou<\/strong> vitam&iacute;nu B12 je\njeho &uacute;&#269;as&#357; na hematopoetickom procese. <strong>Absorpcia vitam&iacute;nu B12\n<\/strong>prebieha v termin&aacute;lnom ileu v pr&iacute;tomnosti\npr&iacute;tomnos&#357;<strong> faktora Castle&#8217;a<\/strong>, glykoprote&iacute;nu produkovan&eacute;ho\nbunkami v&yacute;stelky &#382;al&uacute;dka. Kobalam&iacute;n sa via&#382;e na\nCastle&#8217;a na tvorbu faktora krvotvorby, ktor&yacute; sa podie&#318;a na\npodie&#318;aj&uacute; sa na tvorbe krvi v krvotvornom syst&eacute;me. Vitam&iacute;n B12\nje potrebn&yacute; na tvorbu &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek v kostnej dreni a\nnavy&scaron;e sa podie&#318;a na transform&aacute;cii DNA a RNA v erytroblastoch. \n<\/p><p>Hoci je to najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ia vlastnos&#357;\nB12 vitam&iacute;n, a to je to, &#269;&iacute;m je t&aacute;to zl&uacute;&#269;enina najzn&aacute;mej&scaron;ia,\njeho &uacute;loha v tele je ove&#318;a &scaron;ir&scaron;ia.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#270;al&scaron;ie vlastnosti vitam&iacute;nu B12:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>je nevyhnutn&yacute; pre norm&aacute;lny rast; <\/li><li>Podie&#318;a sa na synt&eacute;ze prote&iacute;nov a nukleov&yacute;ch kysel&iacute;n; <\/li><li>udr&#382;iava du&scaron;evn&eacute; zdravie, pom&aacute;ha v boji proti stresu a nespavosti; <\/li><li>podie&#318;a sa na tvorbe neurotransmiterov myel&iacute;novej po&scaron;vy, &#269;&iacute;m ovplyv&#328;uje du&scaron;evn&uacute; v&yacute;konnos&#357;; <\/li><li>podie&#318;a sa na metabolizme tukov a sacharidov. <\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&Uacute;&#269;inky vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/h2><p>Adekv&aacute;tny pr&iacute;jem vitam&iacute;nu B12 je nevyhnutn&yacute; pre spr&aacute;vne fungovanie ka&#382;d&eacute;ho &#269;loveka. Podie&#318;a sa na metabolick&yacute;ch procesoch, zlep&scaron;uje ich a stimuluje, &#269;o m&ocirc;&#382;e podpori&#357; procesy chudnutia. M&aacute;lokto priklad&aacute; tomuto vitam&iacute;nu v&yacute;znam, ale ovplyv&#328;uje pr&iacute;jem energie z vn&uacute;torn&yacute;ch buniek, zni&#382;uje pocit &uacute;navy a pom&aacute;ha udr&#382;iava&#357; spr&aacute;vnu svalov&uacute; &#269;innos&#357;. &Scaron;portovci, ktor&iacute; m&ocirc;&#382;u ma&#357; zv&yacute;&scaron;en&yacute; dopyt po tejto zlo&#382;ke, by preto mali dba&#357; na jej dostato&#269;n&eacute; mno&#382;stvo.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 je zodpovedn&yacute; za:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>spr&aacute;vny priebeh mnoh&yacute;ch metabolick&yacute;ch a energetick&yacute;ch premien; <\/li><li>spr&aacute;vne fungovanie nervov&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu; <\/li><li> <a>Kombinuje sa s<\/a> <strong>kyselina listov&aacute;,<\/strong> ovplyv&#328;uje metabolizmus homocyste&iacute;nu (aminokyselina, ktorej nadbytok m&ocirc;&#382;e sp&ocirc;sobi&#357; ateroskler&oacute;zu); <\/li><li>podie&#318;a sa na tvorbe a dozrievan&iacute; &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek; <\/li><li>posil&#328;uje fungovanie imunitn&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu; <\/li><li>zni&#382;uje pocity &uacute;navy a strnulosti; <\/li><li>pom&aacute;ha udr&#382;iava&#357; spr&aacute;vnu svalov&uacute; aktivitu; <\/li><li>sa podie&#318;a na synt&eacute;ze nukleov&yacute;ch kysel&iacute;n; <\/li><li>podie&#318;a sa na metabolizme tukov a sacharidov. <\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/h2><p><strong>Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/strong>\nm&ocirc;&#382;e pripom&iacute;na&#357; pr&iacute;znaky mnoh&yacute;ch r&ocirc;znych ochoren&iacute;, preto je zriedkavo\nm&aacute;lokedy ich sp&aacute;jame s nedostatkom kobalam&iacute;nu.\nAk v&scaron;ak nezareagujeme dostato&#269;ne r&yacute;chlo, pr&iacute;znaky m&ocirc;&#382;u\nzhor&scaron;uje, &#269;o sp&ocirc;sobuje zhor&scaron;enie n&aacute;&scaron;ho fyzick&eacute;ho zdravia,\nako aj psychologick&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr&iacute;&#269;iny nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/h3><p>Existuj&uacute; r&ocirc;zne<strong> pr&iacute;&#269;iny\nnedostatku<\/strong> vitam&iacute;nu<strong> B12 v<\/strong> na&scaron;om tele. Najbe&#382;nej&scaron;ie z nich\ns&uacute;:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pr&iacute;li&scaron; m&aacute;lo vitam&iacute;nu B12 v\n\tdi&eacute;ta;\n\t<\/li><li>abnormality\n\tVn&uacute;torn&yacute; faktor Castle alebo vroden&yacute; nedostatok;\n\t<\/li><li>atrofick&aacute; gastrit&iacute;da\n\tgastrit&iacute;da;\n\t<\/li><li>stav po resekcii &#382;al&uacute;dka po\n\tpo oper&aacute;cii;\n\t<\/li><li>Lesniowsk&eacute;ho-Crohnova choroba;\n\t<\/li><li>dysfunkcia ilea\n\tileum;\n\t<\/li><li>infekcia p&aacute;somnicou\n\t(zvy&scaron;uje sa spotreba vitam&iacute;nu B12);\n\t<\/li><li>chronick&aacute; pankreatit&iacute;da;\n\t<\/li><li>Zollingerov-Ellisonov syndr&oacute;m;\n\t<\/li><li>syndr&oacute;m bakteri&aacute;lneho prerastania;\n\t<\/li><li>celiakia;\n\t<\/li><li>nedostatok transkobalam&iacute;nu III.\n<\/li><\/ul><p>Nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12 <strong>m&ocirc;&#382;u sp&ocirc;sobi&#357; aj niektor&eacute; lieky<\/strong> vr&aacute;tane:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>inhib&iacute;tory prot&oacute;novej pumpy\n\t(omeprazol, pantoprazol, lansoprazol);\n\t<\/li><li>antagonisty histam&iacute;nov&yacute;ch H2-receptorov\n\tantagonisty H2-receptorov (cimetid&iacute;n, ranitid&iacute;n);\n\t<\/li><li>metform&iacute;n;\n\t<\/li><li>oxid dusn&yacute;;\n\t<\/li><li>kyselina acetylsalicylov&aacute;;\n\t<\/li><li>sulfasalaz&iacute;n;\n\t<\/li><li>kolchic&iacute;n;\n\t<\/li><li>kyselina p-aminosalicylov&aacute;.\n<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/h2><p>Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12 sa m&ocirc;&#382;u objavi&#357; v r&ocirc;znych &#269;astiach &#318;udsk&eacute;ho tela. Naj&#269;astej&scaron;ie sa t&yacute;kaj&uacute; krvotvorn&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu a prejavuj&uacute; sa an&eacute;miou. M&ocirc;&#382;u sa v&scaron;ak vyskytn&uacute;&#357; aj poruchy tr&aacute;viaceho a nervov&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu. Pr&iacute;li&scaron; m&aacute;lo vitam&iacute;nu B12 a kyseliny listovej prispieva k pr&iacute;znakom v du&scaron;evnej oblasti (pripom&iacute;naj&uacute;cim pr&iacute;znaky du&scaron;evn&yacute;ch chor&ocirc;b).<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12 &#8211; krvotvorn&yacute; syst&eacute;m:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>slabos&#357;;\n\t<\/li><li>Bolesti hlavy a z&aacute;vraty;\n\t<\/li><li>bledos&#357; ko&#382;e;\n\t<\/li><li>bolestiv&eacute; rany v rohoch\n\t&uacute;sta;\n\t<\/li><li>p&aacute;lenie jazyka &#8211; tzv.\n\tbyvol&iacute; jazyk (hladk&yacute;, leskl&yacute;);\n\t<\/li><li>strata chuti;\n\t<\/li><li>strata chuti do jedla (najm&auml;\n\tnechu&#357; jes&#357; m&auml;so a vypr&aacute;&#382;an&eacute; jedl&aacute;);\n\t<\/li><li>z&aacute;pcha;\n\t<\/li><li>hna&#269;ka;\n\t<\/li><li>nevo&#318;nos&#357;;\n\t<\/li><li>neprimeran&yacute; &uacute;bytok hmotnosti;\n\t<\/li><li>an&eacute;mia.\n<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12 &#8211; nervov&yacute; syst&eacute;m:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>brnenie, necitlivos&#357; r&uacute;k a n&ocirc;h\n\t(parest&eacute;zie);\n\t<\/li><li>pocit plynutia pr&uacute;du\n\tpozd&#314;&#382; chrbtice pri predklone hlavy dopredu (Lhermittov\n\tLhermittov znak);\n\t<\/li><li>zhor&scaron;en&eacute; videnie (v d&ocirc;sledku atrofie\n\tzrakov&eacute;ho nervu);\n\t<\/li><li>z&aacute;chvaty;\n\t<\/li><li>strata vibr&aacute;ci&iacute; a citlivosti\n\t(strata zmyslu pre orient&aacute;ciu, zmysel pre polohu tela);\n\t<\/li><li>pichanie v kon&#269;ekoch prstov;\n\t<\/li><li>nestabilita ch&ocirc;dze.\n<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr&iacute;znaky nedostatku vitam&iacute;nu B12 &#8211; du&scaron;evn&eacute;:<\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>depres&iacute;vne poruchy;\n\t<\/li><li>&uacute;zkos&#357;;\n\t<\/li><li>hypomaniak&aacute;lne syndr&oacute;my (stav\n\tpr&iacute;li&scaron; povznesen&aacute; n&aacute;lada);\n\t<\/li><li>poruchy pam&auml;ti (zvy&#269;ajne\n\tmierne);\n\t<\/li><li>kognit&iacute;vne poruchy (od miernej\n\tmierne, a&#382; po demenciu);\n\t<\/li><li>megaloblastick&eacute; &scaron;ialenstvo;\n\t<\/li><li>zmeny spr&aacute;vania, osobnosti.\n<\/li><\/ul><p>Ide o psychiatrick&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky\ns&uacute; najistej&scaron;ie, preto&#382;e s&uacute; zriedkavo spojen&eacute; s\nnedostatok d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute;ho vitam&iacute;nu. Pr&iacute;li&scaron; m&aacute;lo vitam&iacute;nu\nB12 m&ocirc;&#382;e tie&#382; vies&#357; k zrakov&yacute;m halucin&aacute;ci&aacute;m a ak&uacute;tnym psych&oacute;zam,\nktor&eacute; nereaguj&uacute; na &scaron;tandardn&uacute; lie&#269;bu tak&yacute;chto stavov.\nPsychotick&eacute; epiz&oacute;dy sa zvy&#269;ajne vyskytuj&uacute; v pr&iacute;pade\ndlhodob&yacute; a ak&uacute;tny nedostatok kobalam&iacute;nu, preto po\npreto je po prvej epiz&oacute;de m&aacute;nie vhodn&eacute; pri diagnostike zoh&#318;adni&#357;\ntesty na obsah vitam&iacute;nu B12 v organizme pacienta.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 &#8211; potravinov&eacute; zdroje<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"attachment_3832\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 340px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/b12.jpg\" alt=\" zdroje vitam&iacute;nu b12\" class=\"wp-image-3832\" width=\"340\" height=\"255\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div><p>Vitam&iacute;n B12 mo&#382;no z&iacute;ska&#357; z potrav&iacute;n. Najv&auml;&#269;&scaron;ie mno&#382;stvo sa nach&aacute;dza vo v&yacute;robkoch &#382;ivo&#269;&iacute;&scaron;neho p&ocirc;vodu: v m&auml;se, ryb&aacute;ch, vajciach, mlieku, syroch a &uacute;denin&aacute;ch. Odhaduje sa, &#382;e najvy&scaron;&scaron;ie mno&#382;stvo vitam&iacute;nu B12 sa nach&aacute;dza v &scaron;&#357;uke, obli&#269;k&aacute;ch a pe&#269;eni (viac ako 20 &micro;g\/100 g). Zna&#269;n&eacute; mno&#382;stvo obsahuj&uacute; aj in&eacute; ryby, napr&iacute;klad sle&#271;, pstruh, makrela (5 a&#382; 20 &micro;g\/100 g).<\/p><p>Pomerne ve&#318;k&eacute; mno&#382;stvo kobalam&iacute;nu\nsa nach&aacute;dza aj v potravin&aacute;rskych kvasniciach.<\/p><p>Vitam&iacute;n B12 sa v rastlinn&yacute;ch produktoch prakticky nenach&aacute;dza, preto veg&aacute;ni &#269;asto trpia jeho nedostatkom a mali by sa spolieha&#357; predov&scaron;etk&yacute;m na jeho suplement&aacute;ciu. Nedostatok cenn&eacute;ho vitam&iacute;nu B12 sa vyskytuje menej &#269;asto u &#318;ud&iacute;, ktor&iacute; s&uacute; na <strong>ketog&eacute;nnej di&eacute;te<\/strong>, ktor&aacute; je zalo&#382;en&aacute; najm&auml; na konzum&aacute;cii &#382;ivo&#269;&iacute;&scaron;nych produktov. <\/p><p><strong>Obsah vitam&iacute;nu B12 na 100 g<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>menej ako 1 &micro;g &#8211; mlieko a\n\tmlieko a mlie&#269;ne v&yacute;robky (smotana, jogurt, kef&iacute;r, tvaroh), vajcia\n\tvaje&#269;n&eacute; v&yacute;robky, kuracie prsia, brav&#269;ov&eacute; m&auml;so, brav&#269;ov&yacute; b&ocirc;&#269;ik, &scaron;unka;\n\t<\/li><li>1 &#8211; 5 &micro;g &#8211; zrej&uacute;ce syry\n\t(brie, kamamber, gouda, edamame), hov&auml;dzia &scaron;unka, te&#318;acie m&auml;so,\n\thov&auml;dzie m&auml;so, vajcia, ryby (treska, pollock, merl&uacute;za, platesa,\n\tkapry);\n\t<\/li><li>5 &#8211; 20 &micro;g &#8211; ryby (losos,\n\tlosos, sle&#271;, makrela, pstruh), kr&aacute;liky;\n\t<\/li><li>viac ako 20 &micro;g &#8211; ryby\n\t(&scaron;&#357;uka), pe&#269;e&#328; a obli&#269;ky: brav&#269;ov&eacute;, hov&auml;dzie, te&#318;acie a\n\thydina.\n<\/li><\/ul><p>M&ocirc;&#382;e sa vitam&iacute;n B12 pred&aacute;vkova&#357;?\nPr&iacute;znaky prebytku<\/p><p>Vyskytuje sa<strong>nadbytok<\/strong> vitam&iacute;nu B12\nve&#318;mi zriedkavo a jedin&eacute; doteraz zisten&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky\ns&uacute; alergick&eacute; reakcie.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 &#8211; vitam&iacute;n &scaron;piny<\/h2><p>Kobalam&iacute;n sa &#269;asto naz&yacute;va aj\nDirt vitam&iacute;n. Pre&#269;o? No, &#269;asto nedostatky tohto vitam&iacute;nu\n&#269;asto vyskytuj&uacute; pr&aacute;ve preto, &#382;e v na&scaron;om tele je\npr&iacute;li&scaron; m&aacute;lo bakt&eacute;ri&iacute; v na&scaron;om tele. Hoci dodr&#382;iavanie osobnej hygieny\nosobn&aacute; hygiena n&aacute;s chr&aacute;ni pred mnoh&yacute;mi infek&#269;n&yacute;mi chorobami a\nparazitov, m&ocirc;&#382;e tie&#382; sp&ocirc;sobi&#357; nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12.\nZauj&iacute;mav&yacute;m pr&iacute;kladom s&uacute; opice, ktor&eacute; vo vo&#318;nej pr&iacute;rode,\nkde jedia m&aacute;lo m&auml;sa a ve&#318;a hmyzu, maj&uacute;\nve&#318;mi vysok&eacute; hladiny vitam&iacute;nu B12. Tieto hladiny klesaj&uacute;, ke&#271; zvierat&aacute;\ndo steriln&yacute;ch podmienok v zoologickej z&aacute;hrade. \n<\/p><p>Stoj&iacute; za to venova&#357; pozornos&#357; primeran&yacute;m\nStoj&iacute; za to venova&#357; pozornos&#357; primeran&eacute;mu mno&#382;stvu vitam&iacute;nu B12 v krvi, preto&#382;e jeho nedostatok, hoci m&ocirc;&#382;e\naj ke&#271; dlho nesp&ocirc;sobuj&uacute; &#382;iadne pr&iacute;znaky, v tele sp&ocirc;sobuj&uacute; sp&uacute;&scaron;&#357; a\nprispievaj&uacute; k ohrozeniu zdravia a niekedy dokonca k ohrozeniu &#382;ivota.\nan&eacute;mia. Dodr&#382;iavanie osobnej hygieny je ve&#318;mi d&ocirc;le&#382;it&eacute; a tvor&iacute;\ns&uacute;&#269;as&#357;ou prevencie mnoh&yacute;ch ochoren&iacute;. Ak sa v&scaron;ak ob&aacute;vate\n&#269;istotu, mo&#382;no by st&aacute;lo za to uva&#382;ova&#357; o <strong>doplnen&iacute; vitam&iacute;nu\nB12<\/strong>.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 &#8211; d&aacute;vkovanie<\/h2><p><strong>Po&#382;iadavka na vitam&iacute;n B12\n<\/strong>v z&aacute;vislosti od veku a pohlavia (odpor&uacute;&#269;an&eacute; &uacute;daje pod&#318;a Institute of\nIn&scaron;tit&uacute;t pre potraviny a v&yacute;&#382;ivu):<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>deti (1-3 roky) &#8211; 0,9 &mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>deti (4-6 rokov) &#8211; 1,2 &mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>deti (7-9 rokov) &#8211; 1,8 &mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>deti a dospievaj&uacute;ci &#8211; 1,8 a&#382; 2,4\n\t&mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>dospel&iacute; &#8211; 2,4 &mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>tehotn&eacute; &#382;eny &#8211; 2,6 &mu;g\/d;\n\t<\/li><li>doj&#269;iace &#382;eny &#8211; 2,\n\t8 &mu;g\/d. \n\t\n<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 v prevencii a lie&#269;be\nchoroby<\/h2><p>Vitam&iacute;n B12 je vitam&iacute;n s mnoh&yacute;mi\ndobr&eacute; vlastnosti, preto je ve&#318;mi d&ocirc;le&#382;it&aacute; jeho primeran&aacute; &uacute;rove&#328;\nPreto je jeho primeran&aacute; hladina ve&#318;mi d&ocirc;le&#382;it&aacute; pre udr&#382;anie zdravia a predch&aacute;dzanie r&ocirc;znym ochoreniam. \n<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 na prevenciu an&eacute;mie a ateroskler&oacute;zy <\/h3><p>Kobalam&iacute;n sa podie&#318;a na tvorbe\n&#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek a pom&aacute;ha udr&#382;iava&#357; ich spr&aacute;vne mno&#382;stvo v organizme.\norganizmus. To m&aacute; ve&#318;k&yacute; v&yacute;znam pri prevencii an&eacute;mie. Navy&scaron;e,\nu &#318;ud&iacute;, ktor&iacute; trpia nedostatkom vitam&iacute;nu B12, sa m&ocirc;&#382;e vyvin&uacute;&#357;\nmegaloblastick&aacute; an&eacute;mia, zn&aacute;ma aj ako\nAddison-Biermer an&eacute;mia. Ide o ochorenie, ktor&eacute;\nvznik&aacute; v d&ocirc;sledku por&uacute;ch tvorby &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek a\nabnormality v ich funkcii. &#268;erven&eacute; krvinky maj&uacute; zvy&#269;ajne\npotom maj&uacute; aj zmenen&yacute; vzh&#318;ad &#8211; s&uacute; v&auml;&#269;&scaron;ie ako zvy&#269;ajne.<\/p><p>Spolu s kyselinou listovou, vitam&iacute;nom B12\nsa podie&#318;a na procese metabolizmu homocyste&iacute;nu, v&#271;aka &#269;omu\nzabra&#328;uje nadmern&eacute;mu hromadeniu tejto aminokyseliny a m&ocirc;&#382;e\nzabr&aacute;ni&#357; vzniku aterosklerotick&yacute;ch l&eacute;zi&iacute;. \n<\/p><p>Pri prevencii v&yacute;skytu\nAby sa zabr&aacute;nilo vzniku hyperhomocystein&eacute;mie, odpor&uacute;&#269;a sa konzumova&#357; 400 &mu;g kyseliny listovej.\nkyseliny listovej, 3 &mu;g vitam&iacute;nu B12 a 2 mg vitam&iacute;nu B6 denne.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 pri lie&#269;be hepatit&iacute;dy<\/h3><p>&Scaron;t&uacute;die ukazuj&uacute;, &#382;e vitam&iacute;n B12\nsa m&ocirc;&#382;e pou&#382;&iacute;va&#357; ako pomocn&yacute; liek pri lie&#269;be hepatit&iacute;dy C\nHepatit&iacute;da C . Po mnoho rokov sa pozoroval proces, v ktorom\nU pacientov infikovan&yacute;ch HCV sa v&iacute;rusov&eacute; ochorenie transformovalo\ntransformoval do chronickej hepatit&iacute;dy alebo dokonca viedol k\ncirh&oacute;za. Zahrnutie ve&#318;k&yacute;ch d&aacute;vok vitam&iacute;nu do lie&#269;by\nB12 zv&yacute;&scaron;il imunitn&uacute; odpove&#271; organizmu, &#269;&iacute;m sa zv&yacute;&scaron;ila\nschopnos&#357; tela bojova&#357; proti v&iacute;rusu.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 a homocyste&iacute;n<\/h3><p>Ve&#318;mi d&ocirc;le&#382;it&aacute; funkcia vitam&iacute;nu B12\nje regul&aacute;cia hladiny homocyste&iacute;nu, ktor&eacute;ho nadbytok prispieva k\nNadbytok prispieva k tvorbe aterosklerotick&yacute;ch l&eacute;zi&iacute;. Nie je v&scaron;ak ve&#318;a &#318;ud&iacute;\nM&aacute;lokto sa v&scaron;ak zam&yacute;&scaron;&#318;a nad t&yacute;m, &#269;o vlastne sp&ocirc;sobuje zv&yacute;&scaron;enie mno&#382;stva tejto aminokyseliny.\naminokyseliny. Homocyste&iacute;n je ved&#318;aj&scaron;&iacute;m produktom metabolizmu v\nv tele. Jeho hladina sa zvy&scaron;uje, ke&#271; konzumujeme ve&#318;k&eacute; mno&#382;stvo\nTo znamen&aacute;, &#382;e homocyste&iacute;n je ved&#318;aj&scaron;&iacute;m produktom metabolizmu v tele. To znamen&aacute;, &#382;e\nkonzum&aacute;cia pr&iacute;li&scaron; ve&#318;k&eacute;ho mno&#382;stva m&auml;sa m&ocirc;&#382;e sp&ocirc;sobi&#357; nadbytok homocyste&iacute;nu v tele.\nhomocyste&iacute;nu v tele. K tomu m&ocirc;&#382;u prispieva&#357; aj in&eacute; faktory\nm&ocirc;&#382;u k tomu prispie&#357; aj in&eacute; faktory, ako napr&iacute;klad:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>faj&#269;enie;\n\t<\/li><li>konzum&aacute;cia ve&#318;k&eacute;ho mno&#382;stva\n\tr&yacute;chle ob&#269;erstvenie;\n\t<\/li><li>ochorenia: zlyhanie obli&#269;iek,\n\tAddisonova-Biermerova an&eacute;mia.\n<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chr&aacute;ni vitam&iacute;n B12 pred ochoren&iacute;m Alzheimera?<\/h3><p>Odborn&iacute;ci poukazuj&uacute; na to, &#382;e\nn&iacute;zka hladina vitam&iacute;nu B12, ktor&aacute; sa &#269;asto objavuje u star&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute;\nm&ocirc;&#382;e zv&yacute;&scaron;i&#357; riziko vzniku ochorenia Alzheimera.\nV&yacute;skumn&iacute;ci uskuto&#269;nili &scaron;t&uacute;diu, ktor&aacute; uk&aacute;zala, &#382;e n&aacute;rast\nhomocyste&iacute;nu a s&uacute;visiaci pokles vitam&iacute;nu B12 zvy&scaron;uje\nAlzheimera riziko ochorenia a&#382; o 17 %. Odhaduje sa, &#382;e\nzv&yacute;&scaron;en&yacute; pr&iacute;jem vitam&iacute;nu B12 u star&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute;\nstar&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute; m&ocirc;&#382;e prispie&#357; k oddialeniu n&aacute;stupu ochorenia.\nSt&aacute;le sa v&scaron;ak vykon&aacute;vaj&uacute; &scaron;t&uacute;die, ktor&eacute; by definit&iacute;vne\ndefinit&iacute;vne potvrdi&#357; t&uacute;to te&oacute;riu.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12 u star&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute;\nstar&scaron;ie osoby<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><figure id=\"attachment_1723\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 364px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1679952-1024x683-1.jpg\" alt=\" star&scaron;&iacute; p&aacute;r na pikniku\" class=\"wp-image-1723\" width=\"364\" height=\"242\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div><p>Nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12 u star&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute; je ve&#318;mi &#269;ast&yacute;, ale zvy&#269;ajne sa nerozpozn&aacute; kv&ocirc;li neobvykl&yacute;m pr&iacute;znakom. Hlavn&yacute;m d&ocirc;vodom je pravdepodobne porucha vstreb&aacute;vania potravy a &#382;iv&iacute;n, ktor&eacute; obsahuje. Ak sa u star&scaron;&iacute;ch &#318;ud&iacute; vyskytn&uacute; pr&iacute;znaky sved&#269;iace o nedostato&#269;nom kobalam&iacute;ne, diagnostika by mala zah&#341;&#328;a&#357; stanovenie s&eacute;rov&yacute;ch hlad&iacute;n vitam&iacute;nu B12 a meranie s&eacute;rov&eacute;ho MMA a homocyste&iacute;nu. Mo&#382;no stanovi&#357; aj koncentr&aacute;ciu transkobalam&iacute;nu, prote&iacute;nu, ktor&yacute; via&#382;e vitam&iacute;n B12 v krvi, a akt&iacute;vneho vitam&iacute;nu B12 transportovan&eacute;ho holotranskobalam&iacute;nom. <\/p><p>U os&ocirc;b, u ktor&yacute;ch sa zist&iacute;, &#382;e s&uacute;\nZist&iacute; sa nedostatok B12, lie&#269;ba by sa mala za&#269;a&#357; &#269;o najsk&ocirc;r.\n&#269;o najsk&ocirc;r. V pr&iacute;pade z&aacute;va&#382;nej an&eacute;mie a kardiovaskul&aacute;rnej\nV pr&iacute;pade z&aacute;va&#382;nej an&eacute;mie a kardiovaskul&aacute;rnych pr&iacute;znakov by mal by&#357; prv&yacute;m krokom\ntransf&uacute;zia koncentr&aacute;tu &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek. Terapia prebieha\nlie&#269;ba je preva&#382;ne peror&aacute;lna, niekedy intraven&oacute;zna. Do &uacute;vahy prich&aacute;dzaj&uacute; aj tieto terapie\nzva&#382;uje sa aj lie&#269;ba intranaz&aacute;lnym pod&aacute;van&iacute;m vitam&iacute;nu B12.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitam&iacute;n B12 v tablet&aacute;ch<\/h2><p>Pri k&uacute;pe vitam&iacute;nu B12 v tablet&aacute;ch je potrebn&eacute; venova&#357; pozornos&#357; d&aacute;vke obsiahnutej v jednej kapsule. Je dobr&eacute;, ak je relat&iacute;vne vysok&aacute;, preto&#382;e vstreb&aacute;vanie vitam&iacute;nu B12 tablety je zlo&#382;it&yacute; proces, ktor&yacute; s vekom prebieha pomal&scaron;ie a &#269;asto sa v tejto oblasti vyskytuj&uacute; aj poruchy. Ak sa zist&iacute; nedostatok vitam&iacute;nu B12, je vhodn&eacute; overi&#357;, &#269;i suplement&aacute;cia vykazuje svoj &uacute;&#269;inok, a teda zni&#382;uje hladinu homocyste&iacute;nu. &#268;asto je potrebn&eacute; doplni&#357; vitam&iacute;n B12 kyselinou listovou, <strong>biot&iacute;nom<\/strong> a vitam&iacute;nom B6, aby sa mno&#382;stvo aminokyseliny zn&iacute;&#382;ilo. Za pozornos&#357; stoj&iacute; aj forma doplnku. Dobr&yacute; vitam&iacute;n B12 by mal by&#357; vo forme metylkobalam&iacute;nu alebo kyanobalam&iacute;nu.<\/p><p>Pre&#269;&iacute;tajte si tie&#382;: Vypad&aacute;vanie vlasov &#8211; ak&eacute; s&uacute; pr&iacute;&#269;iny tohto probl&eacute;mu?<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Injekcie vitam&iacute;nu B12<\/h2><p>V pr&iacute;pade z&aacute;va&#382;nej an&eacute;mie alebo\nv&yacute;razn&eacute; oslabenie organizmu vitam&iacute;n B12 sa zvy&#269;ajne pod&aacute;va\nintramuskul&aacute;rne injekcie. Pou&#382;&iacute;va sa len vtedy, ak\nje potrebn&eacute;, preto&#382;e injek&#269;ne pod&aacute;van&yacute; kobalam&iacute;n\nm&ocirc;&#382;e sp&ocirc;sobi&#357; ved&#318;aj&scaron;ie &uacute;&#269;inky, ako s&uacute;:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>nad&uacute;vanie;\n\t<\/li><li>hna&#269;ka;\n\t<\/li><li>cievne poruchy;\n\t<\/li><li>pruritus;\n\t<\/li><li>vyr&aacute;&#382;ky;\n\t<\/li><li>boles&#357; v mieste vpichu\n\tdoplnok.\n<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vitam&iacute;n B12 je zl&uacute;&#269;enina, ktor&aacute; pln&iacute; v &#318;udskom tele mnoho d&ocirc;le&#382;it&yacute;ch funkci&iacute;. Bohu&#382;ia&#318;, jeho nedostatky s&uacute; &#269;asto podce&#328;ovan&eacute; alebo spojen&eacute; s in&yacute;mi choroby, preto&#382;e sa u nich prejavuj&uacute; nezvy&#269;ajn&eacute; pr&iacute;znaky. Najd&ocirc;le&#382;itej&scaron;ie funkcie tohto vitam&iacute;nu je jeho &uacute;&#269;as&#357; na tvorbe &#269;erven&yacute;ch krviniek. a in&yacute;ch buniek v tele. To v&scaron;ak nie s&uacute; jedin&eacute; vlastnosti, preto&#382;e ich m&aacute; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravie","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1376"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1377,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions\/1377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}