{"id":28876,"date":"2021-12-21T15:52:06","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T14:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/?p=28876"},"modified":"2021-12-21T15:52:06","modified_gmt":"2021-12-21T14:52:06","slug":"mikrobiota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/mikrobiota\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikrobiota – zarnu bakt\u0113riju ietekme uz organismu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cilv\u0113ka ku\u0146\u0123a un zarnu mikrobiomu veido vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1000 bakt\u0113riju sugu, un zarnu mikrobiota ir defin\u0113ta k\u0101 visas bakt\u0113rijas, kas dz\u012bvo m\u016bsu resnaj\u0101 zarn\u0101, un to sast\u0101vs un daudzskaitl\u012bgums ir saist\u012bts ar vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli. Mikrobiomu veido bakt\u0113rijas, bet papildus t\u0101m ir ar\u012b v\u012brusi un eikarioti. Zin\u0101tniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi ir \u013c\u0101vu\u0161i prec\u012bzi noteikt cilv\u0113ka mikrobiomu, k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0101 svar\u012bgo lomu m\u016bsu dz\u012bv\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zarnu mikrobiotas raksturojums<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"<\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zarnu mikroflorai ir milz\u012bga ietekme uz cilv\u0113ka organismu. Mikrobiotu galvenok\u0101rt veido Bacteroidetes un Firmicutes tipa bakt\u0113rijas. Protams, tas ir main\u012bgs un tie\u0161i atkar\u012bgs no personas rases un vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vok\u013ca. Turkl\u0101t tas main\u0101s visas dz\u012bves laik\u0101. Zarnu mikrobiota visu laiku palielin\u0101s b\u0113rn\u012bb\u0101, bet iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a noz\u012bme ir pieaugu\u0161o vecumam, jo tad t\u0101 ir viendimensiju. Papildu izmai\u0146as notiek noveco\u0161an\u0101s period\u0101, kad t\u0101 k\u013c\u016bst slikt\u0101ka. T\u0101p\u0113c ir v\u0113rts r\u016bp\u0113ties par pareizu probiotiku uz\u0146em\u0161anu. Probiotiku izv\u0113le j\u0101veic, pamatojoties uz izk\u0101rn\u012bjumu anal\u012b\u017eu rezult\u0101tiem, lai papildin\u0101tu tr\u016bksto\u0161os bakt\u0113riju celmus. Protams, \u0161\u0101di testi j\u0101veic jebkur\u0101 dz\u012bves laik\u0101, jo zarnas ir m\u016bsu otr\u0101s smadzenes, un t\u0101s ar\u012b stiprina pareizu im\u016bnsist\u0113mas darb\u012bbu. Probiotikas ir svar\u012bgas ar\u012b tad, kad lietojam antibiotikas, jo tad zarnu mikroflora k\u013c\u016bst v\u0101j\u0101ka. P\u0113t\u012bjumi ar\u012b liecina, ka da\u013ca bakt\u0113riju zarn\u0101s ir past\u0101v\u012bgas, bet da\u013ca main\u0101s. To ietekm\u0113 t\u0101di faktori k\u0101 infekcijas, nepareiza di\u0113ta, hronisks stress, farmakoterapija un dz\u012bvesveids. Tom\u0113r daudzi zin\u0101tniski p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka tie\u0161i uzturs ir tas, kas visvair\u0101k ietekm\u0113 zarnu mikrobiotu. J\u0101atceras, ka ar\u012b m\u016bsu vesel\u012bbas st\u0101voklis ietekm\u0113 zarnu bakt\u0113riju daudzumu un kvalit\u0101ti. Cilv\u0113kiem, kas slimo, piem\u0113ram, ar diab\u0113tu, celiakiju, aptauko\u0161anos vai zarnu iekaisuma slim\u012bb\u0101m, ir rakstur\u012bga zema daudzveid\u012bba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ietekme uz \u0137ermeni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mikrobioms daudz\u0113j\u0101di ietekm\u0113 cilv\u0113ka fiziolo\u0123iju. Galvenok\u0101rt tas ir saist\u012bts ar t\u0101du sast\u0101vda\u013cu sagremo\u0161anu caur gremo\u0161anas traktu, kuras gremo\u0161anas sist\u0113mas enz\u012bmi nesagremo. Tom\u0113r, ja zarn\u0101s ir disbioze, t. i., slikta mikroflora, tad gremo\u0161anas trakt\u0101 var rasties gremo\u0161anas trauc\u0113jumi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zarnu-smadze\u0146u ass<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Apgalvojums, ka zarnas ir m\u016bsu otr\u0101s smadzenes, ir piln\u012bgi pareizs. Tam ir liela noz\u012bme, jo tas ietver divvirzienu inform\u0101ciju starp mikrofloru, zarn\u0101m un smadzen\u0113m. Tas viss notiek, izmantojot neironu ce\u013cus, kuros iesaist\u012bti centri un zarnu nervu sist\u0113ma, un svar\u012bga ir ar\u012b sirds un asinsvadu sist\u0113ma. Caur asinsrites sist\u0113mu p\u0101rraid\u012bt\u0101 inform\u0101cija notiek, pateicoties im\u016bnsist\u0113mas regulatoriem, hormoniem, neiromediatoriem.hormoni, ass, kas savieno hipotal\u0101mu ar hipof\u012bzi un virsnieru dziedzeriem, un bakt\u0113riju metabol\u012bti, proti, \u012bsas \u0137\u0113des tauksk\u0101bes. P\u0113t\u012bjumi ar\u012b liecina, ka mikrobiota ietekm\u0113:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • refleksi, ko izraisa boj\u0101ti audi,<\/li>
  • m\u016bsu uzved\u012bba stresa situ\u0101cij\u0101s,<\/li>
  • smadze\u0146u neiro\u0137\u012bmija,<\/li>
  • p\u0101rtikas uz\u0146em\u0161ana,<\/li>
  • emocion\u0101l\u0101 un soci\u0101l\u0101 uzved\u012bba.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0113t\u012bjumos, kas veikti ar pel\u0113m, ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka mikrobiotas ietekme ir b\u016btiska pe\u013cu soci\u0101lajai att\u012bst\u012bbai, un t\u0101s neatbilsto\u0161s sast\u0101vs gremo\u0161anas trakt\u0101 ietekm\u0113 neirokognit\u012bvos trauc\u0113jumus, pat autismu. Turkl\u0101t, sal\u012bdzinot ar pel\u0113m, kur\u0101m ir norm\u0101ls zarnu bakt\u0113riju sast\u0101vs, \u0161\u0101diem cilv\u0113kiem ir pastiprin\u0101ta stresa reakcija un pastiprin\u0101tas trauksmes reakcijas. Tika veikts ar\u012b tests, lai noskaidrotu, kas notiks, kad bakt\u0113rijas pe\u013cu zarn\u0101s tiks papildin\u0101tas. Tas samazin\u0101ja kortikosterona l\u012bmeni, kas izdal\u0101s stresa un trauksmes laik\u0101. Ar \u0161o eksperimentu tika pier\u0101d\u012bts, cik liela noz\u012bme ir mikroflorai, zarnu un smadze\u0146u mikroflorai un cilv\u0113ka nervu sist\u0113mas pareizai att\u012bst\u012bbai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bakt\u0113rijas, kas dz\u012bvo m\u016bsu zarn\u0101s, ir atbild\u012bgas par \u012bso \u0137\u0113\u017eu tauksk\u0101bju ra\u017eo\u0161anu, kur\u0101m ir liela noz\u012bme asins-smadze\u0146u barjeras savienojum\u0101. Tas notiek, palielinot olbaltumvielu, kas ir svar\u012bg\u0101kie cie\u0161i savienojumos, ra\u017eo\u0161anu. Galvenok\u0101rt runa ir par zarnu \u0161\u016bnu cie\u0161o savienojumu, kas nogrie\u017e telpu starp \u0161\u016bn\u0101m. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161\u016bnas ir \u013coti cie\u0161i saist\u012btas viena ar otru. T\u0101s atg\u0101dina t\u012bklu, kas sak\u0101rtots virten\u0113s un aizsarg\u0101 m\u016bs no patog\u0113niem. No otras puses, ja cie\u0161aj\u0101 savienojum\u0101 ir p\u0101rtraukumi, no starp\u0161\u016bnu \u0161\u0137idruma izdal\u0101s kait\u012bgas vielas.Tas var negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113t smadze\u0146u darb\u012bbu, garast\u0101vokli un kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mikrobioms un psihika<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0113d\u0113jos gados p\u0113tnieki ir vair\u0101kk\u0101rt pier\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i, ka zarnu mikrobiotas ietekmei ir liela noz\u012bme m\u016bsu reakcij\u0101 uz stresu un trauksmi, depres\u012bviem trauc\u0113jumiem un kognit\u012bvajiem procesiem. Daudzos p\u0113t\u012bjumos ir dokument\u0113ts, ka probiotiku terapijas lieto\u0161ana kombin\u0101cij\u0101 ar prebiotik\u0101m pozit\u012bvi ietekm\u0113 cilv\u0113ku ar psiholo\u0123isk\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, trauksmi un depres\u012bviem st\u0101vok\u013ciem st\u0101vokli. Cilv\u0113kiem, kuri lieto alkoholu, par\u0101d\u0101s iev\u0113rojama ietekme uz zarnu mikrofloru. \u0160eit var nov\u0113rot resn\u0101s zarnas caurlaid\u012bbu un izmai\u0146as zarnu mikrofloras sast\u0101v\u0101, kas izraisa pastiprin\u0101tu depresiju un pastiprin\u0101tu tieksmi p\u0113c alkohola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ietekme uz gremo\u0161anu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Veseliem cilv\u0113kiem bakt\u0113rijas ir atbild\u012bgas par p\u0101rtikas \u0161\u0137iedrvielu, da\u017eu olbaltumvielu un cukuru sagremo\u0161anu. T\u0101 rodas \u012bsas \u0137\u0113des sk\u0101bes, kas nodro\u0161ina ener\u0123iju zarnu epit\u0113lijam, aizsarg\u0101 im\u016bnsist\u0113mu un izn\u012bcina patog\u0113n\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas gremo\u0161anas trakt\u0101. Tam ir liela noz\u012bme ar\u012b kolorekt\u0101l\u0101 v\u0113\u017ea profilaks\u0113, jo atbilsto\u0161a profilakse mazina v\u0113\u017ea ra\u0161anos n\u0101kotn\u0113. Tas notiek iekaisuma un DNA boj\u0101jumu d\u0113\u013c, ko izraisa kait\u012bgi vielmai\u0146as produkti, kas veicina audz\u0113ja aug\u0161anu. P\u0113t\u012bjumos ar \u0161\u0101da tipa cilv\u0113kiem vair\u0101kk\u0101rt ir nov\u0113rota zarnu disbioze un mazs bakt\u0113riju sugu skaits. Ir ar\u012b pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka \u0161\u0101da veida slim\u012bbu gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir svar\u012bgs uzturs, kas bag\u0101ts ar \u0161\u0137iedrviel\u0101m, polinepies\u0101tin\u0101taj\u0101m tauksk\u0101b\u0113m, antioksidantiem un probiotik\u0101m. M\u0113s varam ar\u012b r\u016bp\u0113ties par B grupas vitam\u012bnu, K vitam\u012bna papildin\u0101\u0161anu. Svar\u012bga ir ar\u012b ku\u0146\u0123a un zarnu trakta vitam\u012bnu ra\u017eo\u0161ana no vesel\u012bgas p\u0101rtikas. Jums j\u0101zina, ka zarnu iekaisumu var izrais\u012bt ar\u012b zarnu mikrofloras noplicin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, kas savuk\u0101rt izraisa resn\u0101s zarnas v\u0113zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Komens\u0101lo bakt\u0113riju noz\u012bme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Komens\u0101laj\u0101m bakt\u0113rij\u0101m un atbilsto\u0161i atlas\u012bt\u0101m probiotik\u0101m ir noz\u012bm\u012bga funkcija, kas nodro\u0161ina zarnu barjeru, lai patog\u0113n\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas un to vielmai\u0146as produkti nenon\u0101ktu m\u016bsu asinsrites sist\u0113m\u0101. Lab\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t infekciju ra\u0161anos, stiprinot im\u016bnsist\u0113mu, jo t\u0101s c\u012bn\u0101s ar sliktaj\u0101m bakt\u0113rij\u0101m par bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m un vietu uz g\u013cot\u0101das virsmas. Komens\u0101l\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas ar\u012b pazemina pH l\u012bmeni zarn\u0101s, jo rodas lakt\u0101ts un \u012bsas \u0137\u0113des sk\u0101bes, kas lieliski neitraliz\u0113 iekaisumu izraiso\u0161\u0101s patog\u0113n\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas. P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 arvien vair\u0101k p\u0113t\u012bjumu liecina, ka mikrobioma ietekmei ir liela noz\u012bme ieg\u016bt\u0101s imunit\u0101tes veido\u0161an\u0101 pret hronisku iekaisumu. T\u0101p\u0113c ir svar\u012bgi veikt izk\u0101rn\u012bjumu testus, izv\u0113l\u0113ties atbilsto\u0161u probiotiku terapiju un vesel\u012bgu uzturu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mikrobiotas ietekme uz vesel\u012bbu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"<\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    No otras puses, zema bakt\u0113riju daudzveid\u012bba ku\u0146\u0123a-zarnu trakt\u0101 \u013coti bie\u017ei tiek diagnostic\u0113ta cilv\u0113kiem ar zarnu iekaisuma slim\u012bb\u0101m. Tas izraisa ar\u012b aizsargfunkciju zudumu, t. i., nesp\u0113ju ferment\u0113t \u0161\u0137iedrvielas un svar\u012bgo \u012bso \u0137\u0113\u017eu tauksk\u0101bju ra\u017eo\u0161anas tr\u016bkumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b slikt\u0101ku slim\u012bbas gaitu. Zarnu iekaisums ir ide\u0101la augsne patog\u0113n\u0101m bakt\u0113rij\u0101m, kas nav labv\u0113l\u012bgas vesel\u012bbai un izraisa v\u012brusu infekcijas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sirds un asinsvadu sist\u0113mas gad\u012bjum\u0101 mikrobioma ietekme ir div\u0113j\u0101da. T\u0101s lab\u0101 ietekme ir lipidogrammas regul\u0113\u0161ana, kas izraisa lab\u0101 holester\u012bna HDL palielin\u0101\u0161anos un triglicer\u012bdu samazin\u0101\u0161anos. Ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka Lactobacilli celms pal\u012bdz no asinsvadiem izvad\u012bt slikto holester\u012bnu. Tas var darboties ar\u012b otr\u0101di, jo slikto bakt\u0113riju p\u0101rpalikums veicina aterosklerotisko pl\u0101k\u0161\u0146u veido\u0161anos, kas n\u0101kotn\u0113 var izrais\u012bt sirdsl\u0113kmi vai insultu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Metabolisma trauc\u0113jumi, ko izraisa labo bakt\u0113riju tr\u016bkums zarn\u0101s, var izrais\u012bt II tipa diab\u0113ta att\u012bst\u012bbu. Zin\u0101tniskos p\u0113t\u012bjumos ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, ka zarnu bakt\u0113rijas ir iesaist\u012btas glikozes metabolism\u0101. Turkl\u0101t ir pier\u0101d\u012bts, kuri celmi ir atbild\u012bgi par slim\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbu un kuri to kav\u0113. Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz vesel\u012bbu zarnu mikrobiota ir saist\u012bta ar II tipa diab\u0113tu, kas saist\u012bts ar glikozes homeost\u0101zi un insul\u012bna rezistenci t\u0101dos org\u0101nos k\u0101 aknas, musku\u013ci un tauki. Mikrobiota un t\u0101s produkti regul\u0113 zarnu hormonus un fermentus, kas mazina insul\u012bna rezistenci un uzlabo cukura toleranci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lab\u0101s zarnu bakt\u0113rijas ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b reimato\u012bdo artr\u012btu, jo t\u0101s satur mikroorganismus, kas ietekm\u0113 im\u016bnsist\u0113mu. Zarnu l\u012bdzsvara trauc\u0113jumi izraisa daudzu slim\u012bbu, pat RA, att\u012bst\u012bbu. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 tiek p\u0113t\u012bta ar\u012b mutes dobuma mikroflora un t\u0101s loma slim\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bb\u0101. P\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka liela noz\u012bme ir ar\u012b disbiozei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0113d\u0113jais apl\u016bkotais gad\u012bjums, kur\u0101 bakt\u0113rij\u0101m ir liela noz\u012bme, ir aptauko\u0161an\u0101s un liekais svars, kas ir 21. gadsimta posts. Daudziem cilv\u0113kiem ir disbioze, ko izraisa nepareizs uzturs un nepiem\u0113rots dz\u012bvesveids. Tas izraisa ar\u012b im\u016bnregul\u0101cijas trauc\u0113jumus, izmain\u012btu zarnu hormonu regul\u0101ciju un proiekaisuma meh\u0101nismus. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir v\u0113rts r\u016bp\u0113ties par liel\u0101ku ener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u, un di\u0113tai ar zemu slikto tauku saturu ir pozit\u012bva ietekme uz aptauko\u0161an\u0101s \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bibliogr\u0101fija:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    1. Binek M: Cilv\u0113ka mikrobioms – vesel\u012bba un slim\u012bbas. Post Microbiol 2012; 51,<\/li>
    2. Rakowska M., Lichosik M., Kacik J., Kalicki B., The influence of the microbiota on human health, Pediatr Med Rodz 2016, 12 (4),<\/li>
    3. Nowak, Adriana, Katarzyna Slizewska un Zdzis\u0142awa Libudzisz. “Probiotikas – v\u0113sture un darb\u012bbas meh\u0101nismi”. P\u0101rtikas zin\u0101tnes tehnolo\u0123iju kvalit\u0101te 17.4 (2010).<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Cilv\u0113ka ku\u0146\u0123a un zarnu mikrobiomu veido vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1000 bakt\u0113riju sugu, un zarnu mikrobiota ir defin\u0113ta k\u0101 visas bakt\u0113rijas, kas dz\u012bvo m\u016bsu resnaj\u0101 zarn\u0101, un to sast\u0101vs un daudzskaitl\u012bgums ir saist\u012bts ar vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli. Mikrobiomu veido bakt\u0113rijas, bet papildus t\u0101m ir ar\u012b v\u012brusi un eikarioti. Zin\u0101tniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi ir \u013c\u0101vu\u0161i prec\u012bzi noteikt cilv\u0113ka mikrobiomu, k\u0101 ar\u012b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veseliba","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28877,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28876\/revisions\/28877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}