{"id":2560,"date":"2021-10-09T16:36:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-09T14:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/?p=2560"},"modified":"2021-10-25T11:49:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T09:49:31","slug":"anemija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/lv\/anemija\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u0113mija – simptomi, c\u0113lo\u0146i, veidi. K\u0101 to nov\u0113rst un \u0101rst\u0113t?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

No daudzaj\u0101m asins slim\u012bb\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161as uzman\u012bbas noteikti ir peln\u012bjusi an\u0113mija,<\/strong> ko d\u0113v\u0113 ar\u012b par mazasin\u012bbu <\/strong>un kas cita starp\u0101 izpau\u017eas k\u0101 hemoglob\u012bna<\/strong>, sarkano asins\u0137ermen\u012b\u0161u, t. i., eritroc\u012btu, un t\u0101 saukt\u0101 hematokr\u012bta indeksa<\/strong> iev\u0113rojama samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong>. Ne\u0101rst\u0113ta an\u0113mija paver ce\u013cu cit\u0101m slim\u012bb\u0101m,<\/strong> pirmk\u0101rt, progres\u0113jo\u0161ai organisma hipoksijai, sirds un asinsrites sist\u0113mas trauc\u0113jumiem, atmi\u0146as trauc\u0113jumiem un gal\u0113jos gad\u012bjumos pat slimnieka n\u0101vei<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hemoglob\u012bns – normas asin\u012bs un t\u0101 funkcijas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

An\u0113mija ir slim\u012bba, kas tie\u0161i ietekm\u0113 hemoglob\u012bna, svar\u012bga olbaltumvielas,<\/strong> samazin\u0101\u0161anos asin\u012bs, bez kuras rodas nopietni trauc\u0113jumi<\/strong> praktiski visa organisma <\/strong> darb\u012bb\u0101<\/strong>. Galven\u0101 hemoglob\u012bna, kas atrodas sarkano asins\u0137ermen\u012b\u0161u sast\u0101v\u0101, funkcija ir transport\u0113t sk\u0101bekli no plau\u0161\u0101m uz vis\u0101m<\/strong> \u0137erme\u0146a \u0161\u016bn\u0101m<\/strong> un izvad\u012bt no t\u0101m oglek\u013ca dioks\u012bdu<\/strong>, kas caur plau\u0161\u0101m tiek izelpots uz \u0101rpasauli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0101s noz\u012bmi nevar nov\u0113rt\u0113t par zemu, un vienm\u0113r ir j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas, lai uztur\u0113tu pien\u0101c\u012bgu t\u0101s l\u012bmeni, kas saska\u0146\u0101 ar WHO standartiem,<\/strong> t. i., Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijas standartiem, ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • pieaugu\u0161iem v\u012brie\u0161iem – 13-18 g\/dl;<\/li>
  • pieaugu\u0161\u0101m sieviet\u0113m – 12-16 g\/dl;<\/li>
  • gr\u016btniec\u0113m: 11-14 g\/dl;<\/li>
  • jaundzimu\u0161ajiem – 17-22 g\/dl;<\/li>
  • vec\u0101kiem b\u0113rniem – 11-13 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160\u012bs v\u0113rt\u012bbas nav viennoz\u012bm\u012bgas, un t\u0101s var main\u012bties<\/strong> da\u017e\u0101du faktoru ietekm\u0113, tostarp veikto<\/strong> laboratorisko testu precizit\u0101tes<\/strong> d\u0113\u013c. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101 hemoglob\u012bna defic\u012bts izpau\u017eas rakstur\u012bg\u0101 veid\u0101, kas noved tie\u0161i pie an\u0113mijas jeb mazasin\u012bbas veido\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong>, kuru raksturosim s\u012bk\u0101k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    An\u0113mija – svar\u012bg\u0101kie slim\u012bbas simptomi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"<\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Neatkar\u012bgi noan\u0113mijas<\/strong> veida ir daudz simptomu<\/strong>, kurus nav gr\u016bti sajaukt ar cit\u0101m slim\u012bb\u0101m<\/strong>, un speci\u0101listi<\/strong> cita starp\u0101 nor\u0101da,<\/strong> ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • past\u0101v\u012bga v\u0101juma un noguruma saj\u016bta, ener\u0123ijas tr\u016bkums;<\/li>
    • pieaug miega probl\u0113mas, pat izraisot bezmiegu;<\/li>
    • rakstur\u012bga \u0101das, l\u016bpu, smaganu un acu konjunkt\u012bvas b\u0101lums;<\/li>
    • stipras galvass\u0101pes un reibonis, kas izraisa \u0123\u012bboni;<\/li>
    • matu trauslums, trauslums un matu izkri\u0161ana sausuma d\u0113\u013c;<\/li>
    • elpas tr\u016bkums kr\u016bt\u012bs;<\/li>
    • aukstas k\u0101jas un rokas;<\/li>
    • sp\u0113c\u012bgi, s\u0101p\u012bgi k\u0101jas krampji, loc\u012btavu un kaulu s\u0101pes;<\/li>
    • sirdsklauves un citas sirds un asinsvadu probl\u0113mas;<\/li>
    • samazin\u0101ta koncentr\u0113\u0161an\u0101s sp\u0113ja, kas bie\u017ei vien apgr\u016btina koncentr\u0113\u0161anos pat visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kajiem uzdevumiem;<\/li>
    • aizkaitin\u0101m\u012bba un garast\u0101vok\u013ca sv\u0101rst\u012bbas;<\/li>
    • nov\u0101jin\u0101ta imunit\u0101te, palielin\u0101ta uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bba pret infekcij\u0101m;<\/li>
    • samazin\u0101ts dzimumtieksme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      An\u0113mija – k\u0101 to var diagnostic\u0113t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      An\u0113mijas simptomu daudzveid\u012bba da\u017ek\u0101rt var rad\u012bt probl\u0113mas ar t\u0101s pareizu diagnostic\u0113\u0161anu<\/strong>, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 tiek diagnostic\u0113ta ne tikai ar anamn\u0113zes<\/strong> pal\u012bdz\u012bbu, bet galvenok\u0101rt, noz\u012bm\u0113jot da\u017eus pamata diagnostiskos testus<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • asins anal\u012bzi, ko var noz\u012bm\u0113t tikai \u0101rsts, t\u0101 saukto morfolo\u0123isko anal\u012bzi, ko parasti izmanto ne tikai an\u0113mijas diagnostik\u0101, \u013caujot ar lielu precizit\u0101ti noteikt eritroc\u012btu skaitu (RCB), t. i., eritroc\u012btus, to vid\u0113jo izm\u0113ru (MCV), iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012bto hemoglob\u012bna koncentr\u0101ciju (MCHC) un hematokr\u012bta koncentr\u0101ciju (HCT), r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju, ar kura pal\u012bdz\u012bbu m\u0113s zin\u0101m eritroc\u012btu procentu\u0101lo daudzumu asin\u012bs;<\/li>
      • ESR jeb Biernacki testu, kas ir t\u0101 saukto sarkano asins \u0161\u016bnu skaita r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js;<\/li>
      • dzelzs l\u012bmeni, p\u0101r\u0101k zems l\u012bmenis liecina par an\u0113miju;<\/li>
      • p\u0101rbaudot ferit\u012bna l\u012bmeni – olbaltumvielu, kas atbild par dzelzs atomu saist\u012b\u0161anu un uzkr\u0101\u0161anos organism\u0101, – ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 zems l\u012bmenis liecina par an\u0113mijas att\u012bst\u012bbu. Ir v\u0113rts piev\u0113rst uzman\u012bbu ar\u012b t\u0101s p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgam daudzumam, kas savuk\u0101rt var liecin\u0101t par aknu slim\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, t\u0101s hiperfunkciju vai \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi s\u0101p\u012bgu reimato\u012bdo artr\u012btu;<\/li>
      • B12 vitam\u012bna, kobalam\u012bna un B9 vitam\u012bna jeb folijsk\u0101bes – divu vitam\u012bnu, bez kuriem nav iesp\u0113jama sarkano asins\u0137ermen\u012b\u0161u veido\u0161an\u0101s, – daudzumu;<\/li>
      • sarkano asins \u0161\u016bnu veido\u0161an\u0101s un sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s \u0101truma noteik\u0161ana;<\/li>
      • izk\u0101rn\u012bjumu izmekl\u0113\u0161ana, lai noteiktu t\u0101 saukto okult\u0101s asi\u0146u kl\u0101tb\u016btni.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        An\u0113mija – galvenie un visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopamie c\u0113lo\u0146i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        An\u0113miju izraisa daudzi da\u017e\u0101di patog\u0113ni<\/strong>, un visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopamie an\u0113mijas c\u0113lo\u0146i, kurus uzsver ar\u012b speci\u0101listi, kas nodarbojas ar t\u0101s \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu<\/strong>, ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • nepietiekams dzelzs daudzums organism\u0101;<\/li>
        • iepriek\u0161 min\u0113t\u0101 kobalam\u012bna un folijsk\u0101bes tr\u016bkums;<\/li>
        • slikts uzturs, ierobe\u017eojo\u0161a di\u0113ta, kur\u0101 tr\u016bkst daudzu uzturvielu, vitam\u012bnu un miner\u0101lvielu;<\/li>
        • l\u012bdz\u0101s eso\u0161as hroniskas, infekcijas vai v\u0113\u017ea slim\u012bbas;<\/li>
        • v\u012brusu, bakt\u0113riju vai s\u0113n\u012b\u0161u infekcijas;<\/li>
        • paraz\u012bti da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s \u0137erme\u0146a sist\u0113m\u0101s un org\u0101nos;<\/li>
        • hroniska alkohola lieto\u0161ana;<\/li>
        • smags asins zudums, piem\u0113ram, negad\u012bjuma rezult\u0101t\u0101;<\/li>
        • asi\u0146o\u0161ana no deguna un smagas menstru\u0101cijas;<\/li>
        • lietojat p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgas devas noteiktu medikamentu, piem\u0113ram, nestero\u012bdo pretiekaisuma l\u012bdzek\u013cu, devas;<\/li>
        • saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar smagajiem met\u0101liem.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          An\u0113mija – sadal\u012bjums p\u0113c hemoglob\u012bna l\u012bme\u0146a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Ir daudz da\u017e\u0101du krit\u0113riju, p\u0113c kuriem<\/strong> iedala \u0161o b\u012bstamo un pat dz\u012bv\u012bbai b\u012bstamo slim\u012bbu. Galvenais ir t\u0101s diferenc\u0113\u0161ana p\u0113c simptomu smaguma<\/strong>, kas izriet ar\u012b no hemoglob\u012bna l\u012bme\u0146a<\/strong>, un, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 \u0161os faktorus, an\u0113miju var iedal\u012bt \u0161\u0101d\u0101s grup\u0101s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • viegla,<\/strong> kad hemoglob\u012bna l\u012bmenis ir no 10 l\u012bdz 12 g\/dl;<\/li>
          • m\u0113rena,<\/strong> ja hemoglob\u012bna l\u012bmenis ir no 8 l\u012bdz 9,9 g\/dl.<\/li>
          • smaga, ko izraisa hemoglob\u012bna kritums l\u012bdz 6,5-7,9 g\/dl.<\/li>
          • \u013coti<\/strong> smaga, kas tie\u0161i apdraud dz\u012bv\u012bbu, un hemoglob\u012bna l\u012bmenis ir zem\u0101ks par 6,5 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            An\u0113mija – citu vielu tr\u016bkuma izrais\u012bta sabruk\u0161ana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Protams, tas nav vien\u012bgais izmantotais an\u0113mijas iedal\u012bjums, tikpat bie\u017ei tiek izmantots t\u0101 sauktais b\u016btisko uzturvielu<\/strong>, vitam\u012bnu un miner\u0101lvielu tr\u016bkuma krit\u0113rijs. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 m\u0113s varam saskarties ar da\u017e\u0101diem an\u0113mijas veidiem, piem\u0113ram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Dzelzs defic\u012bta an\u0113mija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \"<\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

            Cits nosaukums ir mikrocistisk\u0101 an\u0113mija<\/strong>, un t\u0101s c\u0113lonis ir p\u0101r\u0101k zems<\/strong> dzelzs l\u012bmenis<\/strong> organism\u0101. Dzelzs ir b\u016btisks elements daudzu slim\u012bbu<\/strong>, tostarp an\u0113mijas, profilaksei<\/strong>, jo t\u0101 galvenok\u0101rt ir atbild\u012bga par sarkano asins\u0137ermen\u012b\u0161u veido\u0161anos un pareizu darb\u012bbu un hemoglob\u012bna sint\u0113zi<\/strong>. T\u0101s tr\u016bkums nekav\u0113joties ietekm\u0113 vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli, un to izraisa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            • liels asins zudums, piem\u0113ram, br\u016b\u010du d\u0113\u013c, oper\u0101ciju laik\u0101, sp\u0113c\u012bgu menstru\u0101ciju vai asi\u0146o\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 no gremo\u0161anas trakta vai ur\u012bnce\u013ciem, piem\u0113ram, ur\u012bnp\u016b\u0161\u013ca, nieru vai glomerulu iekaisuma gad\u012bjum\u0101;<\/li>
            • nepareiza dzelzs uzs\u016bk\u0161an\u0101s no ku\u0146\u0123a-zarnu trakta, ko galvenok\u0101rt izraisa nepareiza di\u0113ta, p\u0101r\u0101k zems \u0161\u012b elementa saturs un citas l\u012bdz\u0101s eso\u0161as slim\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, Krona slim\u012bba-Crohna;<\/li>
            • paaugstin\u0101ta vajadz\u012bba p\u0113c dzelzs, kas rodas pusaud\u017eu vecum\u0101, gr\u016btniec\u0113m un sieviet\u0113m, kas baro b\u0113rnu ar kr\u016bti, un jaundzimu\u0161ajiem, kuri netiek baroti ar kr\u016bti.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Dzelzs defic\u012bta an\u0113miju ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i viegli noteikt ar asins anal\u012b\u017eu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu<\/strong>; ieg\u016btie rezult\u0101ti uzreiz par\u0101da daudzu svar\u012bgu r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju samazin\u0101\u0161anos, tostarp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              • MCHC, vid\u0113j\u0101 hemoglob\u012bna koncentr\u0101cija sarkanaj\u0101s asins \u0161\u016bn\u0101s <\/li>
              • MCV, sarkano asins \u0161\u016bnu skaits<\/li>
              • MCH – vid\u0113j\u0101 hemoglob\u012bna masa asins \u0161\u016bn\u0101;<\/li>
              • Dzelzs l\u012bmenis serum\u0101;<\/li>
              • ferit\u012bna un retikuloc\u012btu skaits, p\u0113d\u0113jais ir atkar\u012bgs no slim\u012bbas smaguma pak\u0101pes, k\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts iepriek\u0161.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Ir v\u0113rts atz\u012bm\u0113t ar\u012b t\u0101s negat\u012bvo ietekmi<\/strong>, un papildus jau iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101m, var rasties \u0101das plais\u0101\u0161ana, galvenok\u0101rt mutes kakti\u0146os, apgr\u016btin\u0101ta elpo\u0161ana, trausli un trausli nagi, aps\u0101rtusi m\u0113le, pieaugo\u0161a ap\u0101tija, noguruma sliek\u0161\u0146a pazemin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 slim\u012bba vienlaikus izraisa fizisko aktivit\u0101\u0161u samazin\u0101\u0161anos, kas savuk\u0101rt veicina liek\u0101 svara vai aptauko\u0161an\u0101s pieaugumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Dzelzs tr\u016bkuma izrais\u012btas an\u0113mijas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana galvenok\u0101rt izpau\u017eas k\u0101 \u0161\u012b elementa tr\u016bkuma papildin\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>, viegl\u0101kos gad\u012bjumos pietiek tikai ar eso\u0161\u0101 uztura mai\u0146u<\/strong>. Smag\u0101kos gad\u012bjumos diem\u017e\u0113l b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ams lietot dzelzs prepar\u0101tus<\/strong> table\u0161u vai \u0101tr\u0101k iedarb\u012bgu injekciju veid\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                An\u0113mija, ko izraisa vitam\u012bna B12 un vitam\u012bna B9 tr\u016bkums<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                \u0160ie vitam\u012bni pieder pie \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi lielas grupas un vienlaikus ir svar\u012bgi vesel\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161anai<\/strong> un daudzu cilv\u0113ka organisma sist\u0113mu un org\u0101nu efekt\u012bvai darb\u012bbai<\/strong>. T\u0101p\u0113c ir j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas par to, lai uztur\u0113tu pareizu l\u012bmeni, jo to tr\u016bkums noz\u012bm\u0113 liel\u0101ku risku saslimt ar megaloblastisko<\/strong> an\u0113miju<\/strong> , ko<\/strong> d\u0113v\u0113 ar\u012b par \u013caundab\u012bgo an\u0113miju<\/strong> vai Adisona-B\u012brmera<\/strong> an\u0113miju. Visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopamie iemesli ir \u0161\u0101di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n