{"id":2572,"date":"2021-10-09T17:11:06","date_gmt":"2021-10-09T15:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/?p=2572"},"modified":"2021-10-25T11:43:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T09:43:43","slug":"anemie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/anemie\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u00e9mie &#8211; p\u0159\u00edznaky, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, typy. Jak mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zet a jak ho l\u00e9\u010dit?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Z mnoha krevn\u00edch chorob si zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost jist\u011b zaslou\u017e\u00ed <strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong>. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 <strong>chudokrevnost <\/strong>a projevuje se mimo jin\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm <strong>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hladiny hemoglobinu<\/strong>, \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek, tj. erytrocyt\u016f, a tzv. <strong>hematokritov\u00e9ho indexu<\/strong>. Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 an\u00e9mie otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k <strong>dal\u0161\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm,<\/strong> p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k postupn\u00e9 hypoxii organismu, poruch\u00e1m srdce a ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, poruch\u00e1m pam\u011bti a v krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i ke <strong>smrti nemocn\u00e9ho<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemoglobin &#8211; normy v krvi a jeho funkce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mie je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed hemoglobinu v krvi, <strong>d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny<\/strong>, bez n\u00ed\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm <strong>poruch\u00e1m fungov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>prakticky cel\u00e9ho organismu. <\/strong>Hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed hemoglobinu, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch, je <strong>p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et kysl\u00edk z plic do v\u0161ech bun\u011bk v<\/strong> na\u0161em t\u011ble a <strong>odv\u00e1d\u011bt z nich oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je pak vydechov\u00e1n pl\u00edcemi do okoln\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam nelze podce\u0148ovat a v\u017edy je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na udr\u017een\u00ed jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hladiny, kter\u00e1 <strong>podle norem WHO<\/strong>, tj. Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace, \u010din\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f 13-18 g\/dl;<\/li><li>u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch \u017een 12-16 g\/dl;<\/li><li>pro t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny: 11-14 g\/dl;<\/li><li>pro novorozence &#8211; 17-22 g\/dl;<\/li><li>u star\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed 11-13 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto hodnoty nejsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 a <strong>mohou se m\u011bnit v<\/strong> d\u016fsledku r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b <strong>p\u0159esnosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch<\/strong> laboratorn\u00edch <strong>test\u016f<\/strong>. Bez ohledu na to se nedostatek hemoglobinu projevuje charakteristick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd vede pr\u00e1v\u011b ke <strong>vzniku an\u00e9mie neboli chudokrevnosti<\/strong>, kterou budeme podrobn\u011bji charakterizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_49107753_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky\" width=\"500\" height=\"379\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez ohledu na typ<strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong> existuje <strong>mnoho p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 <strong>nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zam\u011bnit s jin\u00fdmi nemocemi<\/strong>, a <strong>odborn\u00edci poukazuj\u00ed<\/strong> mimo jin\u00e9 na to, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pocit neust\u00e1l\u00e9 slabosti a \u00fanavy, nedostatek energie;<\/li><li>nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k nespavosti;<\/li><li>charakteristick\u00e1 bledost k\u016f\u017ee, rt\u016f, d\u00e1sn\u00ed a o\u010dn\u00edch spojivek;<\/li><li>siln\u00e9 bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vrat\u011b vedouc\u00ed k mdlob\u00e1m;<\/li><li>l\u00e1mavost, k\u0159ehkost a vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f v d\u016fsledku suchosti vlas\u016f;<\/li><li>du\u0161nost v hrudn\u00edku;<\/li><li>studen\u00e9 nohy a ruce;<\/li><li>siln\u00e9, bolestiv\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de v nohou, bolesti kloub\u016f a kost\u00ed;<\/li><li>palpitace a dal\u0161\u00ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed probl\u00e9my;<\/li><li>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 koncentrace, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto zt\u011b\u017euje soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed i na ty nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly;<\/li><li>podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost a v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lad;<\/li><li>oslaben\u00e1 imunita, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 n\u00e1chylnost k infekc\u00edm;<\/li><li>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed touha.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; jak ji lze diagnostikovat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f an\u00e9mie m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdy zp\u016fsobit <strong>probl\u00e9my s jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zou<\/strong>, proto se diagnostikuje nejen pomoc\u00ed <strong>anamn\u00e9zy<\/strong>, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1klad\u011b objedn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00edch diagnostick\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed krve, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee na\u0159\u00eddit pouze l\u00e9ka\u0159, tzv. morfologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nejen p\u0159i diagnostice an\u00e9mie, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje s velkou p\u0159esnost\u00ed ur\u010dit po\u010det erytrocyt\u016f (RCB), tj. \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek, jejich pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost (MCV), v\u00fd\u0161e popsanou koncentraci hemoglobinu (MCHC) a koncentraci hematokritu (HCT), co\u017e je ukazatel, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu zn\u00e1me procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed erytrocyt\u016f v krvi;<\/li><li>ESR neboli Biernack\u00e9ho test, ukazatel tzv. po\u010dtu \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek;<\/li><li>hladinu \u017eeleza, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina znamen\u00e1 an\u00e9mii;<\/li><li>kontrola hladiny feritinu, b\u00edlkoviny zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed atom\u016f \u017eeleza a jejich hromad\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011ble, zde podobn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina indikuje rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se an\u00e9mii. Za pozornost stoj\u00ed i jeho nadbytek, kter\u00fd zase m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater, nap\u0159. jejich hyperfunkci nebo extr\u00e9mn\u011b bolestivou revmatoidn\u00ed artritidu;<\/li><li>mno\u017estv\u00ed vitaminu B12, kobalaminu a vitaminu B9 neboli kyseliny listov\u00e9, dvou vitamin\u016f, bez nich\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 tvorba \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek;<\/li><li>stanoven\u00ed rychlosti tvorby a rozpadu \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek;<\/li><li>vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed stolice na p\u0159\u00edtomnost tzv. okultn\u00ed krve.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mie je stav zp\u016fsoben\u00fd <strong>mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi patogeny<\/strong> a nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami an\u00e9mie, na kter\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed i <strong>odborn\u00edci na jej\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu<\/strong>, jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 hladina \u017eeleza v t\u011ble;<\/li><li>nedostatek v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho kobalaminu a kyseliny listov\u00e9;<\/li><li>\u0161patn\u00e1 strava, omezuj\u00edc\u00ed strava s nedostatkem mnoha \u017eivin, vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f;<\/li><li>soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chronick\u00e9, infek\u010dn\u00ed nebo n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li><li>virov\u00e9, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 infekce;<\/li><li>parazit\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech a org\u00e1nech t\u011bla;<\/li><li>chronick\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu;<\/li><li>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta krve, nap\u0159. v d\u016fsledku nehody;<\/li><li>krv\u00e1cen\u00ed z nosu a siln\u00e1 menstruace;<\/li><li>u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00fdch d\u00e1vek n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, jako jsou nesteroidn\u00ed protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 l\u00e9ky;<\/li><li>otravy t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kovy.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; rozd\u011blen\u00ed podle hladiny hemoglobinu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje <strong>mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro<\/strong> rozd\u011blen\u00ed t\u00e9to nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a dokonce \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed je jej\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed podle <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed i z <strong>hladiny hemoglobinu<\/strong>, a s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k t\u011bmto faktor\u016fm lze an\u00e9mii rozd\u011blit na<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>m\u00edrn\u00e1<\/strong>, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se hladina hemoglobinu pohybuje mezi 10 a 12 g\/dl;<\/li><li><strong>st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1,<\/strong> kdy se hodnota hemoglobinu pohybuje mezi 8 a 9,9 g\/dl.<\/li><li>t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 poklesem hemoglobinu na 6,5 a\u017e 7,9 g\/dl.<\/li><li><strong>velmi<\/strong> t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017euje \u017eivot a hemoglobin kles\u00e1 pod 6,5 g\/dl.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; rozpad p\u0159i nedostatku jin\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to nen\u00ed jedin\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed an\u00e9mie, stejn\u011b \u010dasto se uplat\u0148uje krit\u00e9rium tzv. nedostatku <strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u017eivin<\/strong>, vitamin\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme zab\u00fdvat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy an\u00e9mie, nap\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie z nedostatku \u017eeleza<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_219442542_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" v\u00fdrobky bohat\u00e9 na \u017eelezo\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fd n\u00e1zev se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro <strong>mikrocyt\u00e1rn\u00ed an\u00e9mii<\/strong>, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 <strong>n\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina<\/strong> \u017eeleza v t\u011ble. \u017delezo je nezbytn\u00fdm prvkem v <strong>prevenci mnoha onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, v\u010detn\u011b an\u00e9mie, a je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za <strong>stavbu a spr\u00e1vnou funkci \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek a synt\u00e9zu hemoglobinu<\/strong>. Jeho nedostatek se bezprost\u0159edn\u011b projevuje na zdravotn\u00edm stavu a je zp\u016fsoben t\u00edm, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vysok\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta krve, nap\u0159. v d\u016fsledku poran\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i operac\u00edch, p\u0159i siln\u00e9 menstruaci nebo krv\u00e1cen\u00ed z tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu nebo mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest, nap\u0159. p\u0159i z\u00e1n\u011btu mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e, ledvin nebo glomerul\u016f;<\/li><li>abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza z gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edho traktu, kter\u00e9 je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nevhodnou stravou, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem tohoto prvku a dal\u0161\u00edmi soub\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi, jako je Crohnova choroba-Crohna;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pot\u0159eba \u017eeleza, kter\u00e1 se objevuje v obdob\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch a koj\u00edc\u00edch \u017een a u novorozenc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou kojeni.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mii z nedostatku \u017eeleza lze pom\u011brn\u011b snadno odhalit <strong>pomoc\u00ed krevn\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong>; z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky okam\u017eit\u011b ukazuj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mnoha d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>MCHC, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace hemoglobinu v \u010derven\u00fdch krvink\u00e1ch <\/li><li>MCV, po\u010det \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek<\/li><li>MCH, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hmotnost hemoglobinu v krevn\u00ed bu\u0148ce;<\/li><li>Hladiny \u017eeleza v s\u00e9ru;<\/li><li>feritinu a retikulocyt\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u010det retikulocyt\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na z\u00e1va\u017enosti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed i jeho <strong>negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong>, krom\u011b ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch se m\u016f\u017ee objevit prask\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v koutc\u00edch \u00fast, pot\u00ed\u017ee s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm, l\u00e1mav\u00e9 a k\u0159ehk\u00e9 nehty, zarudl\u00fd jazyk, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se apatie, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed prahu \u00fanavy. Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b zp\u016fsobuje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 aktivity, co\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k n\u00e1r\u016fstu nadv\u00e1hy nebo obezity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba an\u00e9mie zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nedostatkem \u017eeleza spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v <strong>dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nedostatku tohoto prvku<\/strong>, v leh\u010d\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech sta\u010d\u00ed pouze <strong>zm\u011bna st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku<\/strong>. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech bude bohu\u017eel nutn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvat <strong>p\u0159\u00edpravky \u017eeleza<\/strong> ve form\u011b tablet nebo rychleji p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch injekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nedostatkem vitaminu B12 a vitaminu B9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto vitaminy pat\u0159\u00ed do mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b po\u010detn\u00e9 skupiny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro <strong>udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed<\/strong> a <strong>efektivn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> mnoha syst\u00e9m\u016f a org\u00e1n\u016f lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Proto je nutn\u00e9 db\u00e1t na udr\u017een\u00ed jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hladiny, proto\u017ee jejich nedostatek znamen\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku <strong>megaloblastick\u00e9<\/strong> <strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong> <strong>,<\/strong> naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 <strong>malign\u00ed an\u00e9mie<\/strong> nebo <strong>Addison-Biermerova<\/strong> an\u00e9mie. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>strava chud\u00e1 na produkty obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed oba vitaminy;<\/li><li>alkoholismus;<\/li><li>naru\u0161en\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin v tr\u00e1vic\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 chorobn\u00fdmi stavy;<\/li><li>infekce parazity tr\u00e1vic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, nap\u0159. tasemnicemi;<\/li><li>poruchy faktoru zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vitamin\u016f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V jej\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhu je naru\u0161ena <strong>tvorba \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou <strong>v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u011b<\/strong>, a m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 ji jasn\u011b odli\u0161uj\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>viditeln\u00e9 ze\u017eloutnut\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee;<\/li><li>nadm\u011brn\u00e9 a obvykle p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161ediv\u011bn\u00ed vlas\u016f;<\/li><li>poruchy n\u00e1lady;<\/li><li>ztr\u00e1ta chuti;<\/li><li>probl\u00e9my s mo\u010den\u00edm;<\/li><li>zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, jater nebo sleziny;<\/li><li>halucinace, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat p\u0159\u00edznaky du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoci;<\/li><li>demence;<\/li><li>pot\u00ed\u017ee se zapamatov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Megaloblastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie je jednou z nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fdch an\u00e9mi\u00ed; stejn\u011b jako u p\u0159edchoz\u00ed an\u00e9mie je t\u0159eba <strong>odstranit nedostatek obou vitam\u00edn\u016f<\/strong>, ale pokud nemoc pokro\u010dila p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko, je t\u0159eba <strong>do\u017eivotn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat<\/strong> p\u0159\u00edpravky s kobalaminem a kyselinou listovou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dast\u00fdm typem an\u00e9mie je hemolytick\u00e1 <strong>an\u00e9mie<\/strong>, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k <strong>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e9mu rozpadu erytrocyt\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto <strong>nen\u00e1vratn\u011b zni\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>, a toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed lze rozd\u011blit na dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>z\u00edskan\u00e1 hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie<\/strong>, kdy \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky obvykle podl\u00e9haj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku p\u016fsoben\u00ed toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, nap\u0159. t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f. Podobn\u00e9 negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky maj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky a nemoci;<\/li><li><strong>vrozen\u00e1 hemolytick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je d\u016fsledkem abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed tvorby \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek a poruch jejich struktury.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00e9to an\u00e9mie mohou b\u00fdt <strong>poruchy sleziny a imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 erytrocyty. Stejn\u011b \u010dasto je tento stav zp\u016fsoben <strong>rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi se infekcemi<\/strong>, po\u010d\u00ednaje prost\u00fdmi z\u00e1n\u011bty a\u017e po n\u00e1dory, nap\u0159. leuk\u00e9mii. Symptomy nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj tohoto typu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za pozornost, jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>op\u011btovn\u00e9 ze\u017eloutnut\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a o\u010dn\u00edho b\u011blma;<\/li><li>tmav\u00e1 mo\u010d;<\/li><li>zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e1 slezina;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina \u017eeleza;<\/li><li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 srde\u010dn\u00ed frekvence.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba je komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u p\u0159edchoz\u00edch variant a zahrnuje pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>imunosupresivn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f<\/strong> nebo <strong>kortikosteroid\u016f<\/strong>, n\u011bkdy je nutn\u00e1 <strong>transfuze krve<\/strong> a v nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mus\u00ed b\u00fdt slezina <strong>chirurgicky odstran\u011bna<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aplastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s <strong>aplazi\u00ed,<\/strong> tj. <strong>atrofi\u00ed kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b<\/strong>, tak\u017ee se <strong>nov\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky<\/strong> nemohou tvo\u0159it nebo se tvo\u0159\u00ed v <strong>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9m<\/strong> mno\u017estv\u00ed. Aplastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie se tak\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00ed na vrozenou nebo z\u00edskanou a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jej\u00edho vzniku jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>infekce, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm virov\u00e9 infekce zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed nap\u0159. hepatitidu;<\/li><li>u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm antibiotik a protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f;<\/li><li>otravy \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, nap\u0159. pesticidy, p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin;<\/li><li>chemoterapie a radioterapie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny;<\/li><li>poruchy pojivov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Klinick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou typick\u00e9 pro ostatn\u00ed formy, nav\u00edc se snadno tvo\u0159\u00ed mod\u0159iny a spont\u00e1nn\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed bez zjevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny. Pokud jde o l\u00e9\u010dbu, existuje pouze jedna metoda, kter\u00e1 je zaru\u010den\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, a tou je <strong>transplantace kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><figure id=\"\" class=\"alignnone width-full\" style=\"width: 500px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-caption=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Depositphotos_317198812_s-2019.webp\" alt=\" t\u011bhotn\u00e1 \u017eena u l\u00e9ka\u0159e\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" title=\"\"><\/figure><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed varianta, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis, <strong>se vyskytuje u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een<\/strong> a jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 <strong>pot\u0159eba vitamin\u016f,<\/strong> zejm\u00e9na B12 a kyseliny listov\u00e9 a miner\u00e1l\u016f, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v \u010dele se \u017eelezem. T\u011blo jich pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed produkovat v\u00edce krve, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o <strong>20 a\u017e 30 procent<\/strong>, co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd <strong>r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong> v d\u011bloze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je nezbytn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat tyto hladiny <strong>po celou dobu t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/strong>, proto\u017ee jejich nedostatek zvy\u0161uje riziko, kter\u00e9 se v jednotliv\u00fdch trimestrech li\u0161\u00ed. V prvn\u00edm trimestru je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 <strong>riziko potratu<\/strong>, ve druh\u00e9m se mohou vyskytnout abnormality <strong>plodu<\/strong> a nedostatek \u017eeleza ve t\u0159et\u00edm zp\u016fsobuje <strong>p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fd porod<\/strong>. L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve <strong>v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00e9 stravy<\/strong> a dopln\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edch nedostatk\u016f o dopl\u0148ky stravy obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>t\u0159i v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 slo\u017eky<\/strong>, z nich\u017e je pro budouc\u00ed matku nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <strong>kyselina listov\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie u d\u011bt\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An\u00e9mie nen\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed pouze dosp\u011bl\u00e9; je stejn\u011b \u010dast\u00e1 u <strong>d\u011bt\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9ho v\u011bku<\/strong>, dokonce i u <strong>novorozenc\u016f<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm <strong>nedostatek \u017eeleza<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba okam\u017eit\u011b doplnit, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo takov\u00fdm alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm u d\u00edt\u011bte, jako jsou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>bled\u00e1 ple\u0165;<\/li><li>nepravideln\u00fd srde\u010dn\u00ed tep;<\/li><li>bolesti hlavy a z\u00e1vrat\u011b;<\/li><li>du\u0161nost<\/li><li>ospalost a nedostatek energie;<\/li><li>probl\u00e9my se soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm a pozornost\u00ed;<\/li><li>krev v mo\u010di a stolici.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u011bmto pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm lze p\u0159edej\u00edt <strong>vyv\u00e1\u017eenou stravou<\/strong> batolete, plnou nejen vhodn\u00fdch d\u00e1vek \u017eeleza, ale tak\u00e9 kyseliny listov\u00e9 a kobalaminu, ale jejich \u00fapravu <strong>by m\u011bl prov\u00e9st odborn\u00edk<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e9mie &#8211; co j\u00edst, abyste se j\u00ed vyhnuli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> Zdrav\u00e1 strava je <strong>vhodn\u00e1 i pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy an\u00e9mie<\/strong> a mezi doporu\u010den\u00e9 potraviny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>listov\u00e1 zelenina;<\/li><li>raj\u010data;<\/li><li>\u010derven\u00e1 \u0159epa;<\/li><li>\u010do\u010dka<\/li><li>brokolice<\/li><li>\u0161pen\u00e1t;<\/li><li>kopr;<\/li><li>zelen\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek;<\/li><li>kapusta;<\/li><li>kroupy;<\/li><li>celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny;<\/li><li>ovoce, zejm\u00e9na bobuloviny, nap\u0159. maliny, \u010dern\u00fd ryb\u00edz; exotick\u00e9 ovoce, nap\u0159. avok\u00e1do a citrusov\u00e9 plody, nap\u0159. pomeran\u010de, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e pln\u00e9 synefrinu, obsahuj\u00ed hodn\u011b \u017eeleza.<\/li><li>ryby, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby, makrely, tu\u0148\u00e1ky, sardinky;<\/li><li>hov\u011bz\u00ed, telec\u00ed a vnit\u0159nosti, nap\u0159. j\u00e1tra;<\/li><li>vaje\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eloutky.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anemia<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/iron-deficiency-anemia#causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/iron-deficiency-anemia#causes<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/megaloblastic-anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/megaloblastic-anemia<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/idiopathic-aplastic-anemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/idiopathic-aplastic-anemia<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z mnoha krevn\u00edch chorob si zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost jist\u011b zaslou\u017e\u00ed an\u00e9mie. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se j\u00ed tak\u00e9 chudokrevnost a projevuje se mimo jin\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hladiny hemoglobinu, \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek, tj. erytrocyt\u016f, a tzv. hematokritov\u00e9ho indexu. Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 an\u00e9mie otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k dal\u0161\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k postupn\u00e9 hypoxii organismu, poruch\u00e1m srdce a ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, poruch\u00e1m pam\u011bti a v krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","box-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2572"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7245,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2572\/revisions\/7245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consumers-views.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}